In Vivo and In Vitro Analyses of Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Material for Dental Implants

Table 2

Cytotoxic effects of FGM on MC3T3-E1 cells evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

MC3T3-E1 cells	Incubation time	Volume fraction of titanium in FGM
		80%	85%	90%	92%	94%	96%	98%	100%	Pure Ti
Cytotoxicity (%)	0 hours	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	48 hours
	120 hours

LDH cytotoxicity assay was performed after 48 and 120 h of exposure. No cytotoxicity was observed with longer exposure to FGM.