Comparison of Immune Response between SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 Infection, Perspective on Vaccine Design and Development

<div>(a) Classification of the Coronaviridae family. Alpha coronaviruses and beta coronaviruses primarily cause respiratory and intestinal infection in mammals, while gamma coronaviruses and delta coronaviruses mainly infect birds. (b) Model of coronavirus structure; structural proteins in coronavirus are the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (e) glycoproteins, hemagglutinin esterase (HE), and nucleocapsid (N) protein.</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Comparison of Immune Response between SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 Infection, Perspective on Vaccine Design and Development 