Impact of Anesthetic Agents on Endothelial Glycocalyx Injury during Total Knee Arthroplasty: Desflurane- vs. Propofol-Based Anesthesia—A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Demographic data.
Desflurane group ()
Propofol group ()
P
Gender
1.000
Male
5 (12.5%)
6 (15.0%)
Female
35 (87.5%)
34 (85.0%)
Age (years)
73 (69-78)
72 (69-78)
0.870
Height (cm)
0.829
Weight (kg)
65.9 (56.2-71.7)
62.5 (54.1-74.0)
0.810
Surgical site
1.000
Right
19 (47.5%)
19 (47.5%)
Left
21 (52.5%)
21 (52.5%)
Underlying disease
HTN
31 (77.5%)
30 (75.0%)
1.000
DM
8 (20.0%)
8 (20.0%)
1.000
Coronary disease
4 (10.0%)
3 (7.5%)
1.000
Medication
Aspirin
4 (10.0%)
5 (12.5%)
1.000
Clopidogrel
13 (32.5%)
14 (35.0%)
1.000
NOAC
0 (0.0%)
3 (7.5%)
0.239
Anesthesia duration (min)
159 (150-185)
160 (146-170)
0.378
Operation duration (min)
110 (93-145)
107 (93-122)
0.381
Tourniquet duration (min)
102 (96-119)
100 (90-108)
0.080
Desflurane dosage (Vol%)
Min
3.1 (3.0-4.0)
0 (0-0)
<0.001
Max
5.0 (3.0–7.0)
0 (0-0)
<0.001
Thiopental sodium (mg)
300 (250-350)
0 (0-0)
<0.001
Propofol dosage (μg/ml)
Min
0 (0-0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
<0.001
Max
0 (0-0)
3.5 (3.0-4.5)
<0.001
Remifentanil (μg)
1346 (1150-1468)
1337 (1157-1438)
0.762
Phenylephrine (μg)
959 (688-1750)
945 (738-1518)
0.765
Atropine (mg)
3 (7.5%)
3 (7.5%)
1.000
Intraoperative pRBC (units)
0.358
1
2 (5.0%)
0 (0.0%)
2
2 (5.0%)
2 (5.0%)
Postoperative pRBC (units)
0.924
1
4 (10.0%)
3 (7.5%)
2
3 (7.5%)
3 (7.5%)
Postoperative bleeding (ml)
283 (215-360)
248 (170-400)
0.343
Data are expressed as , median (interquartile ranges), or numbers of patients (%). HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; NOAC: non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; pRBC: packed red blood cells.
