Factors Associated with Glycaemic Control among Diabetic Patients Managed at an Urban Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam

Table 2

Associated factors with uncontrolled glycaemic levels.

Characteristics	OR	SE		95% CI		value
Demographic characteristics
Age (per year)	0.97	0.03	-1.04	0.92	1.02	0.30
Gender (female compared to male^a)	0.48	0.19	-1.81	0.22	1.06	0.07
Living location (rural compared to urban^a)	1.53	0.78	0.83	0.56	4.15	0.40
Education (compared to under high school^a)
High school	2.89	1.80	1.71	0.85	9.79	0.09
Above high school	0.74	0.31	-0.72	0.32	1.68	0.47
Clinical characteristics
Diabetic medication (compared to oral antidiabetics^a)
Insulin-injected	0.47	0.47	-0.75	0.06	3.38	0.45
Both	3.88	4.99	1.06	0.31	48.09	0.29
Duration of diabetes (per year)	1.01	0.03	0.22	0.94	1.08	0.82
Number of comorbidities (per disease)	0.71	0.12	-2.09	0.52	0.98	0.04
Number of medications used (per drug)	1.26	0.17	1.70	0.97	1.64	0.09
Body mass index (per 1 kg/m^2)	1.15	0.07	2.25	1.02	1.29	0.03
Initial HbA1C (per %)	3.75	0.71	6.97	2.59	5.44	<0.01
Initial fasting blood glucose level (per 1 mmol/L)	1.57	0.16	4.51	1.29	1.90	<0.01
Hypertension (yes compared to no)	0.66	0.28	-0.98	0.28	1.52	0.33
Dyslipidemia (yes compared to no)	0.70	0.27	-0.92	0.33	1.50	0.36
Behavioral characteristics
Take prescription drugs daily (yes compared to no)	0.58	0.45	-0.70	0.13	2.64	0.48
Checking blood glucose (adhere compared to no adhere)	1.75	0.95	1.04	0.61	5.05	0.30
Having diet of diabetic patients (adhere compared to no adhere)	0.91	0.35	-0.25	0.42	1.95	0.80
Stopping/reducing drinking alcohol (adhere compared to no adhere)	1.00	0.56	0.01	0.34	2.99	0.99
Stopping/reducing smoking (adhere compared to no adhere)	1.01	0.62	0.01	0.30	3.39	0.99
Checking for small wounds in the foot (adhere compared to no adhere)	2.45	1.18	1.86	0.95	6.31	0.06
Exercising regularly (adhere compared to no adhere)	1.22	0.50	0.50	0.55	2.71	0.62

^aReference group.