Peripheral Inflammatory Cytokines and Lymphocyte Subset Features of Deceased COVID-19 Patients
Table 2
Inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in deceased patients with COVID-19 on admission.
Biomarker
Normal range
, median (IQR)
value
All patients (254)
Survivors (203)
Nonsurvivors (51)
Inflammatory cytokines
Interleukin-1β, pg/mL
<5
254, 5 (5-5)
203, 5 (5-5)
51, 5 (5-5)
0.235
Interleukin-2R, U/mL
223-710
254, 644 (387-1105)
203, 541 (350.0-868.0)
51, 1220 (949-1861)
<0.001
Decreased
19 (7.5%)
19 (9.4%)
—
<0.001
Increased
120 (47.2)
112 (55.2)
8 (15.7%)
Interleukin-6, pg/mL
<7
254, 8.15 (2.00-40.47)
203, 4.9 (1.5-19.3)
51, 58.5 (26.88-137.48)
<0.001
Increased
136 (53.5%)
86 (42.4%)
50 (98.0%)
<0.001
Interleukin-8, pg/mL
<62
254, 11.6 (5.1-24.0)
203, 8.3 (5.0-18.0)
51, 29.8 (20.6-70.7)
<0.001
Increased
20 (7.9%)
6 (3.0%)
14 (27.5%)
<0.001
Interleukin-10, pg/mL
<9.1
254, 5 (5-6.4)
203, 5 (5-5)
51, 9.8 (5.2-18.3)
<0.001
Increased
49 (19.3%)
20 (9.9%)
29 (56.9%)
<0.001
TNF-α, pg/mL
<8.1
254, 7.5 (5.2-11.2)
203, 6.9 (4.7-10.3)
51, 10.4 (7.5-14.8)
<0.001
Increased
93 (36.6%)
65 (32.0%)
28 (54.9%)
0.003
Lymphocyte subsets
T cells+B cells+NK cells, n/μL
—
137, 1309.0 (862.5-1612.5)
118, 1394 (1052.5-1654.2)
19, 333 (171-748)
<0.001
T cells, n/μL
955-2860
137, 939 (534.5-1155.5)
118, 976 (753.8-1188.2)
19, 201 (122-392)
<0.001
Decreased
71/137 (51.8%)
53/118 (44.9%)
18/19 (94.7%)
<0.001
B cells, n/μL
90-560/μL
137, 158.0 (81.5-250.5)
118, 167.5 (100-254.5)
19, 41 (30-126)
<0.001
Decreased
39/137 (28.5%)
27/118 (22.9%)
12/19 (63.2%)
<0.001
Th cells, n/μL
550-1440/μL
137, 562.0 (330.0-761.5)
118, 606.5 (466-796)
19, 147 (84-249)
<0.001
Decreased
65/137 (47.4%)
48/118 (40.7%)
17/19 (89.5%)
<0.001
Ts cells, n/μL
320-1250/μL
137, 270.0 (174.5-387.0)
118, 294.5 (233.8-406.5)
19, 54 (20-124)
<0.001
Decreased
85/137 (62.0%)
66/118 (55.9%)
19/19 (100.0%)
<0.001
NK cells, n/μL
150-1100/μL
137, 153.0 (95.0-253.5)
118, 172.5 (122-263.8)
19, 35 (10-70)
<0.001
Decreased
64/137 (46.7%)
47/118 (39.8%)
17/19 (89.5%)
<0.001
Th/Ts ratio
0.71-2.78
137, 2.06 (1.52-2.70)
118, 2.00 (1.48-2.54)
19, 3.32 (1.87-5.44)
<0.001
Increased
29/137 (21.2%)
19/118 (16.1%)
10/19 (52.6%)
<0.001
: number of patients; IQR: interquartile range; T cells: CD3 + CD19- T cells; B cells: CD3-CD19+ T cells; Th, helper T cells: CD3 + CD4+ T cells; Ts, suppressor T cells: CD3 + CD8+ T cells; NK cells: CD3-/CD16 + CD56+ T cells.
