|
| Authors (year, country) | Patients : Controls | Fungal tests | Prevalence of onychomycosis (%) | Prevalence of onychomycosis among different treatments of psoriasis (%) | Organisms from psoriatic nails (%) |
| Overall | Psoriasis patients | Controls | Topical | Systemic | Biologics |
| No clinical | Clinically abnormal | No clinical | Clinically abnormal |
|
| Toenails |
| 1. Gupta et al. (1997, Canada and USA) | 561 : 922 | KOH+C/S | 15.3 | 12.7 (38/298) | 27 (71/263) | 6.9 (54/776) | 43.8 (64/146) | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 84.9
(ii) Moulds 9.4
(iii) Yeasts 5.7 |
| 2. Hamnerius et al. (2004, Sweden) | 239 : 245 | KOH+C/S | 3.5 | 4.6 (11/239) | — | 2.4 (6/245) | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3. Zawirska et al. (2006, Poland) | 70 : 60 | KOH+C/S | 9 | 11.4 (8/70) | — | 3.3 (2/60) | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4. Piérard-Franchimont et al. (2006, Belgium) | 233 : 0 | C/S+PAS | 18.0 | — | 18.0 (42/233) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 54.3
(ii) Yeasts 37.1
(iii) Moulds 8.6 |
| 5. Leibovici et al. (2008, Israel) | 113 : 102 | KOH+C/S | 38.6 | — | 47.6 (54/113) | 28.4 (29/102) | — | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 77.8
(ii) Yeasts 11.1
(iii) Moulds 11.1 |
| 6. Altunay et al. (2009, Turkey) | 60 : 60 | KOH+C/S | 8.3 | 8.3 (5/60) | 8.3 (5/60) | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 100 |
| 7. Vender et al. (2016, Canada) | 12 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 25 | — | 25 (3/12) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) Moulds 33.3
(ii) No growth 66.7 |
| Toenails and fingernails |
| 8. Staberg et al. (1983, Denmark) | 78 : 41 | KOH+C/S | 25.2 | 26.9 (10/39) | 30.8 (12/39) | 19.5 (8/41) | — | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 47.6
(ii) Yeasts 47.6
(iii) Moulds 4.8 |
| 9. Szepes (1986, Hungary) | 137 : 341 | C/S | 64.4 | 63.1 (83/137) | 66.0 (225/341) | — | — | — | (i) Moulds 50.0
(ii) Yeasts 37.1
(iii) DMPs 12.9 |
| 10. Stander et al. (2001, Germany) | 250 : 102 | KOH+C/S | 27.3 | 30.4 (76/250) | 19.6 (20/102) | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 28.9
(ii) Yeasts 62.2
(iii) Moulds 7.9 |
| 11. Salomon et al. (2003, Poland) | 106 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 13.8 | Not tested () | 18 (15/83) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) Moulds 37.5
(ii) DMPs 31.3
(iii) Yeasts 31.3 |
| 12. Larsen et al. (2003, Denmark) | 79 : 142 | KOH+C/S | 15.8 | Not tested () | 26.2 (17/65) | Not tested () | 34.0 (18/53) | — | — | — | (i) Yeasts 45.5
(ii) DMPs 36.4
(iii) Moulds 18.2 |
| 13. Kacar et al. (2006, Turkey) | 168 : 164 | KOH+C/S | 10.5 | Not tested () | 28.6 (22/77) | Not tested () | 40.6 (13/32) | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 36.4
(ii) Yeasts 13.6
(iii) Moulds 9.1
(iv) No growth 40.9 |
| 14. Pawlaczyck et al. (2007, Poland) | 481 : 3,986 | KOH+C/S | 36.3 | 6.0 (20/327) | 18.8 (29/154) | — | 39.6 (1579/3986) | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 65.5
(ii) Yeasts 27.6
(iii) Moulds 6.9 |
| 15. Sánchez-Regaña et al. (2007, Spain) | 20 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 30 | — | 30 (6/20) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) Yeasts 66.7
(ii) Moulds 33.3 |
| 16. Shemer et al. (2009, Israel) | 312 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 34.3 | — | 34.3 (23/67) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 74.0
(ii) Moulds 39.1
(iii) Yeasts 30.4 |
| 17. Natarajan et al. (2010, India) | 72 : 0 | KOH+C/S+PAS | 31.9 | Not tested () | 47.9 (23/48) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) Moulds 50
(ii) Yeasts 50 |
| 18. Kavaliauskiene et al. (2010, Lithuania) | 30 : 529 | KOH+C/S | 23.6 | — | 23.3 (7/30) | — | 23.6 (125/529) | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 71.4
(ii) Yeasts 28.6 |
| 19. Zisova et al. (2011, Bulgaria) | 228 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 62 | — | 62 (141/228) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) DMPs 67
(ii) Yeasts 24
(iii) Moulds 6 |
| 20. Rizzo et al. (2013, Italy) | 31 : 274 | C/S+PAS | 37.7 | — | 41.9 (13/31) | — | 37.2 (102/274) | — | — | — | (i) Yeasts 69.2
(ii) DMPs 30.8 |
| 21. Al-Mutairi N et al. (2013, Kuwait) | 315 : 180 | KOH+C/S | 18.0 | — | 20.3 (64/315) | — | 13.9 (25/180) | 13.9 | — | Anti-TNF 20.3
(i) IFX 33.0
(ii) ETA 15.5
(iii) ADA 13.3 | (i) DMPs 65.6
(ii) Yeasts 28.1
(iii) Moulds 6.3 |
| 22. Mendez-Tovar et al. (2015, Mexico) | 150 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 28 | Not tested () | 50.6 (42/83) | — | — | 21.4 | MTX, CsA 31 | Anti-TNF 11.9 | (i) Yeasts 50
(ii) DMPs 32
(iii) Moulds 18 |
| 23. Tsentemeidou et al. (2017, Greece) | 23 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 34.8 | — | 34.8 (8/23) | — | — | 34.8 | — | — | (i) Yeasts 37.5
(ii) Moulds 37.5
(iii) DMPs 12.5 |
| 24. Zander et al. (2017, Germany) | 2781 : 136,137 | Not specified | 6.4 | 7.8 (219/2781) | 6.4 (8678/136,137) | — | — | — | — |
| 25. Romaszkiewicz et al. (2018, Poland) | 102 : 2335 | KOH+C/S | 22.4 | — | 23.5 (24/102) | 5 (5/100) | 22.4 (520/2325) | 25 | MTX 20.8
CsA 12.5
ACT 4.1 | Anti-TNF 37.5 | (i) Yeasts 50.0
(ii) DMPs 29.2
(iii) Moulds 20.8 |
| 26. Chaowattanapanit et al. (2018, Thailand) | 62 : 0 | C/S | 32.3 | — | 32.3 (20/62) | — | — | — | — | — | (i) Yeasts 41.9
(ii) Moulds 19.4
(iii) No growth 35.5 |
| 27. Tabassum et al. (2019, Pakistan) | 159 : 318 | KOH+C/S | 14 | — | 34 (54/159) | — | 4 (13/318) | 34 | — | — | (i) Yeasts 37.0
(ii) Moulds 35.2
(iii) DMPs 7.4 |
| 28. Jendoubi et al. (2019, Tunisia) | 163 : 0 | KOH+C/S | 33.7 | Not tested () | 47.4 (55/116) | — | — | — | — | — | Fingernail:
Yeasts 100
Toenail:
DMPs 100 |
| 29. Gallo et al. (2019, Italy) | 711 : 8670 | KOH+C/S | 51.1 | — | 49.1 (349/711) | — | 51.3 (4397/8570) | — | — | — | (i) Yeasts 43.6
(ii) DMPs 43.3
(iii) Moulds 13.2 |
| 30. Alves et al. (2020, Brazil) | 38 : 0 | KOH+C/S+PAS | 57.9 | — | 57.9 (22/38) | — | — | 33.0 | MTX 92.8
ACT 33.3 | Anti-TNF 50
Anti-IL17 0
Anti-IL23 0 | (i) DMPs 56.3
(ii) Yeasts 43.8 |
| Fingernails |
| 31. The present study | 75 : 0 (150 nails) | KOH+C/S+PAS | 36 | — | 36 (54/150) | — | — | 44.0 | MTX 68.0 | Anti-TNF 50
Anti-IL17 25
Anti-IL12/23 0 | (i) Yeasts 83.3
(ii) DMPs 1.9
(iii) No growth 14.8 |
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