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| Intervention/type/country | Participants | Intervention | Main findings |
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| Stationary vs. home rehabilitation/study/Croatia [16] | Intervention group size 60 hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke patients (30 in stationary rehabilitation, 30 in home rehabilitation) | Stationary rehabilitation: kinesitherapy, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, medical care and thermal pools, during 3 weeks.
Rehabilitation at home: physiotherapy, individual exercises, stretching, joint mobilization, and massages | Stationary rehabilitation is superior in quality of life improvement, total functional outcome, improvement of the upper limb and balance. Comorbidities are better regulated in patients in stationary rehabilitation |
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| Rehabilitation with mirror-induced visual illusion/study/Croatia [17] | 31 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients with both right and left hemiparesis (experimental group: 17) | Experimental group: standard rehabilitation treatment with additional mirror therapy, once a day, 5 days per week for 15 minutes per day, exercises divided into three series of 5 minutes; control group: standard rehabilitation treatment | Mirror therapy improved motor function in the upper limb, leading to a greater potential of self-care and activities of daily living |
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| Robotic rehabilitation/study/Czech Republic [18] | 38 stroke patients (20 experimental group, 18 control group) | Physiotherapy for 5 hours weekly and ergotherapy 2.5 hour weekly | Diminution of spasticity (MAS median form 2 to 1 in the experimental group versus 2 to 1+ in the control group) and an improvement in the hand grip functions |
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| Amadeo instrument in chronic rehabilitation/Study/Czech Republic [19] | 12 hemorragic and ischemic stroke patients | Stretching of the spastic muscles of the upper acre extremities followed by intense training using an Amadeo instrument for 45 minutes. The first 5-20 minutes were devoted to the passive exercises (CPM and CPMplus), which alternated with assisted exercise, then active training—games balloon, firefighter, recycling, apple picker, shootout (one month, three times weekly) | No statistically significant improvement on motor functions of upper extremity, hand grip strength, motion range of fingers |
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| Cervical isometric exercises/Study/Greece [20] | 37 stroke patients with hemiparesis and symptoms of dysphagia | Standard physical and speech therapy plus cervical isometric exercises carried out in all 4 directions, four repetitions for 10 minutes three times a day for 12 consecutive weeks | Patients improved cervical alignment, in both coronal and sagittal plane and deglutition |
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| Exercise rehabilitation program with experiential music/Study/Greece [21] | 24 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients | Patients followed a 6 months music-based exercise program, at a frequency of 4 training sessions per week, for 45 minutes each session. Each training session included group activities supported by experiential/traditional music throughout each lesson, with a 5 minutes warm-up period of breathing and flexibility exercises followed by the main part of upper and lower body strengthening, balance and co-ordination exercises on sitting and standing position and trunk movements performed at a moderate intensity and a cool-down period of 5-10 minutes of patients holding hands while moving slowly in a circle listening to music | Recovery rate (defined as the improvement of cognitive and motor skills of the limb in the affected site, with an increase of muscle strength at least by 1/5 and with emotional progress) was higher when exercise rehabilitation program was accompanied by an enriched sound environment with experiential music on stroke patients |
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| Adaptive physical activity with therapeutic patient education/study/Italy [22] | 229 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients | Three group sessions of interactive therapeutic patient education (TPE) and 8 weeks of twice weekly adaptive physical activities (APA) exercise sessions have been delivered. Duration: 60 minutes. Intensity of training: progressively increased | APA associated to TPE results to be a useful and potentially cost-effective intervention to maintain and improve activities of daily living, reduce fractures and recourse to rehabilitation treatments. It has been observed a significant improvement on mobility, balance, and on patients’ perception of recovery from the acute phase |
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| Low-intensity endurance and resistance training/Study/Italy [23] | 35 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients | 8-week program composed of an endurance phase based on walking training (weeks 1-4) followed by a mixed phase (weeks 5-8) mainly focusing on muscle-strength training. Frequency: 3 sessions/week. Duration: 60 minutes. Intensity of training: progressively increased | Improvement of mobility, lower-limb strength and power, balance, gait speed, and quality of life |
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| Virtual reality and traditional physiotherapy/action/Lithuania (unpublished) | 8 ischemic stroke patients | Individualized computer programs of movement training exercises. Program length: 4 weeks. Frequency: 2 sessions/week. Duration: 30 minutes | Positive influence on patients’ balance and coordination (ataxy).
Strengthened patients’ motivation |
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| Gait training with KinisiForo system/action/Lithuania (unpublished) | 12 stroke patients | Gait training with KinisiForo system (3 weeks) | Improvements in trunk control, gait symmetry, and walking speed |
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