Research Article
Specific Cytokine Profiles Predict the Severity of Influenza A Pneumonia: A Prospectively Multicenter Pilot Study
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of the patients.
| | NSP () | SP () | |
| | Age, yrs | 65.5 ± 19.2 | 60.5 ± 12.3 | 0.167 | | Male | 15 (60%) | 8 (80%) | 0.434 | | BMI, kg/m2 | 21.4 ± 4.5 | 19.0 ± 4.3 | 0.166 | | Smoking history | 6 (24.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 0.227 | | Comorbidities | 14 (56.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 0.022 | | COPD | 4 (16.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.303 | | Bronchiectasis | 4 (16.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.303 | | Type 2 diabetes | 7 (29.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.084 | | Cardiovascular disease | 4 (16.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 1.000 | | Laboratory tests | | | | | WBC, ×109/L | 5.60 (4.09-7.11) | 4.41 (3.70-9.68) | 0.733 | | NE, ×109/L | 3.57 (2.35-5.20) | 3.91 (3.22-8.36) | 0.240 | | LY, ×109/L | 1.37 ± 0.58 | 0.57 ± 0.54 | 0.001 | | NLR | 2.71 (1.70-5.36) | 9.86 (6.11-19.44) | <0.001 | | CRP, mg/L | 28.70 (6.00-67.22) | 96.31 (35.17-158.65) | 0.009 | | PCT, μg/L | 0.15 (0.03-2.53) | 1.25 (0.35-1.85) | 0.339 | | PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 172.12 (136.6-342.79) | 120.85 (82.88-169.09) | 0.017 | | Outcome | | | | | NIPPV | 1 (4.0%) | 7 (70.0%) | <0.001 | | IPPV | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | <0.001 | | ICU admission | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | <0.001 | | Total mortality | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | <0.001 |
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Abbreviations: NSP: nonsevere pneumonia; SP: severe pneumonia; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC: white blood cells; NE: neutrophils; LY: lymphocytes; NLR: neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; CRP: c-reactive protein; PCT: procalcitonin; NIPPV: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; IPPV: intermittent positive pressure ventilation; ICU: intensive care unit.
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