Application of Mixed Reality Using Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays in Transforaminal Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

Figure 1

Computed tomography (CT) examination and reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) model. (a) Flexion position during lumbar CT examination in which the patient was positioned in the prone position on a hard sponge cushion. (b) External landmarks (red arrows) attached to the skin around the surgical segment during the CT examination; these landmarks were used for preliminary matching. (c–f) 3D model reconstructed from the CT data.

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