Application of Mixed Reality Using Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays in Transforaminal Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

Table 1

Demographic and disease-related data of enrolled patients.

Group	MixR-assisted TPED group	Conventional TPED group
	44	43	0.91
Male	24	24
Female	20	19
Age (years)	41.21 (17-64)	38.93 (19-62)	0.45
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.27	24.19	0.86
Disc herniation type
Central	16	14	0.98
Paracentral	20	20
Foraminal	7	8
Far-lateral	1	1
Surgical level
L3/4	4	1	0.37
L4/5	19	18
L5/S1	21	24

TPED: transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy; MixR: mixed reality; BMI: body mass index.