Plant species Plant family Part used Extracts References Acacia catechu Liliaceae Root Hexane extracts with inhibition of mycobacterial (standard and clinical) growth [179 ] Acacia senegal Fabaceae Root Aqueous extraction has potential antimycobacterial activity [180 ] Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Leaf Aqueous extracts with inhibition of 95% at 4 percent M. tuberculosis H37Rv [181 ] Achyrocline alata Asteraceae Leaf, stem Aqueous extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain (ATCC 27294) with MICa of 62.5 μ g/ml [182 ] Acorus calamus Acoraceae Root Aqueous extracts against M. bovis BCG by OD units [183 ] Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Leaf Methanol extracts with the oils inhibiting the growth of MTB B19-4 at 2 μ g/ml [180 ] Allium sativum Liliaceae Leaf Aqueous extract was found to be 63% at 4 percent M . tuberculosis H37Rv [181 ] Aloe vera Xanthorrhoeaceae Leaf Aqueous extract was found to be 41% at 4 percent M. tuberculosis H37Rv [181 , 184 ] Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Leaf Methanol extracts have potential antimycobacterial activity and the synergistic group consisting of rifampicin in murine model [185 ] Amborella trichopoda Amborellaceae Fruit Methanol extracts against M . bovis BCG (strain 11-73 P2) with MIC of 2.5 μ g/ml [186 ] Ambrosia ambrosioides Asteraceae Aerial parts Methanolic extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 790 μ g/ml [187 ] Ambrosia confertiflora Asteraceae Aerial parts Methanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 200, 90, 120, and 160 μ g/ml, respectively [187 ] Amphipterygium simplicifolium Julianaceae Leaf Dichloromethane-methanol extracts (1.1) inhibit the M . tuberculosis H37Rv at 50 μ g/ml with [188 ] Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae Aerial parts Hexane and methanol (1 : 5) extracts with maximum antimycobacterial activity at 250 μ g/ml against all the tested strains of M . tuberculosis (H37Rv, MDR, and drug sensitive) [189 ] Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae Leaf Ethanol extracts with inhibition of mycobacterial (standard and clinical) growth [7 , 190 ] Angiopteris evecta Marattiaceae Leaf 80% methanol extract against M . tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 25618 with an MIC of 400 μ g/ml [191 ] Apodytes dimidiata Icacinaceae Leaf Hexane extractions against the field strain of MDR-TB and against the M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 0.47 and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively [192 ] Artemisia ludoviciana Asteraceae Bark, leaf Hexane extracts against MDR-TB clinical isolates with MIC of 25-100 μ g/ml [58 , 193 ] Artemisia nilagirica Asteraceae Leaf Ethanol extracts against M . smegmatis with IC50c of 300 μ g/ml [194 ] Beilschmiedia obscura Lauraceae Root Ethyl acetate extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 31.25 μ g/ml by MABAb [195 ] Bidens odorata Asteraceae Aerial parts Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 100, 12.5, 12.5, and 12.5 μ g/ml [196 ] Bridelia micrantha Euphorbiaceae Bark Acetone extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC of 25 μ g/ml [197 ] Calluna vulgaris Ericaceae Aerial parts Ethyl acetate extracts with 97% inhibition at 100 μ g/ml against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) [198 ] Calophyllum brasiliense Clusiaceae Leaf Dichloromethane-methanol extracts (1.1) inhibit the M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 50 μ g/ml with [188 ] Capparis zeylanica Capparidaceae Leaf Ethyl acetate extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with the 32 mm minimum zone of inhibition [199 , 200 ] Carya illinoensis Juglandaceae Bark Hexane extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 31 μ g/ml [193 ] Cassia sophera Caesalpiniaceae Seed Methanol extracts against M. smegmatis with MIC of 125 μ g/ml [201 ] Chenopodium ambrosioides Amaranthaceae Leaf 80% ethanol crude extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177™) with MIC of 5000 μ g/ml [184 ] Chrysactinia mexicana Asteraceae Root Ethyl ether extract against a drug-resistant strain of M . tuberculosis CIBIN/UMF15:99 with MIC of 62.5 μ g/ml [202 ] Citrullus colocynthis Cucurbitaceae Leaf Chloroform extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 2.5 mg/ml by MABA [203 ] Citrus sinensis Rutaceae Fruit peel Hexane extracts against two drug-resistant strains of M . tuberculosis with MIC of 25 and 50 μ g/ml [204 ] Cladonia arbuscula Cladoniaceae Root Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts with 96% and 99% inhibition at 100 μ g/ml against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), respectively [198 ] Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Leaf Ethanol extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 500 μ g/ml [196 ] Codiaeum peltatum Euphorbiaceae Stem Methanol extracts against M . bovis BCG (strain 11-73 P2) with MIC of 100 μ g/ml [186 ] Combretum aculeatum Combretaceae Aerial part Aqueous extracts inhibiting M. marinum with MIC of 0.2 mg/ml [205 ] Costus speciosus Zingiberaceae Stem, flower Hexane partition from methanol extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 100 μ g/ml [206 ] Cremaspora triflora Rubiaceae Leaf Acetone extracts decreased 16-fold of MIC in combination with fifampicin against M. aurum and reduction of the MICs of the anti-TB drug ranged from 2-fold to 4-fold, 2-fold to 64-fold, and 2-fold to 64-fold for M . smegmatis, M . aurium, and M . tuberculosis, respectively [207 ] Croton sylvaticus Euphorbiaceae Leaf, root, stem bark Decoction, not known [208 ] Curcuma caesia Zingiberaceae Rhizome Ethanol extract against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 31.25 μ g/ml [196 ] Cymbopogon citratus Poaceae Stem, rhizome Hexane partition from methanol extracts of 200 μ g/ml against M . tuberculosis H37Rv [206 ] Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Root Ethanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 62.5 μ g/ml [209 ] Davilla elliptica Dilleniaceae Leaf Chloroform extracts showed a promising antimycobacterial activity with a MIC of 62.5 μ g/ml by MABA [209 ] Dissotis rotundifolia Melastomataceae Leaf 80% ethanol crude extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177™) with MIC of 5000 μ g/ml [184 ] Dryopteris stewartii Dryopteridaceae Whole plant Decoction, not known [203 ] Echinops giganteus Asteraceae Root Methanol extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv with MIC of 32 and 16 μ g/ml, respectively [210 ] Empetrum nigrum Empetraceae Root Hexane extracts with 95% inhibition at 100 μ g/ml against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) [198 ] Erythrina abyssinica Fabaceae Root bark Methanol extracts showed the highest activity on M . tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC 390 μ g/ml) [211 ] Eulophia nuda Orchidaceae Tubers Ethanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 500 μ g/ml [196 ] Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Shoots Extracts by n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol individually against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 250-1000 μ g/ml [212 ] Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Leaf Ethyl acetate extracts showed better activity with maximum of 64.73% reduction in relative light units against M . tuberculosis H37R [213 ] Evodia elleryana Rutaceae Bark Ethyl acetate extracts with 95% inhibition of M . tuberculosis H37Ra grown in vitro (ATCC 25177) at 50 μ g/ml [214 ] Ficus sur Moraceae Root 80% ethanol against M. tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) with MICof 0.78 mg/ml [215 ] Ficus citrifolia Moraceae Leaf 95% ethanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with 91% inhibition at 100 μ g/ml [216 ] Flourensia cernua Asteraceae Leaf Hexane extracts against sensitive and resistant strains, respectively, with MIC of 25-50 μ g/ml [217 ] Foeniculum vulgare Umbelliferae Aerial parts Hexane extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 100 μ g/ml [204 ] Globularia alypum Globulariaceae Leaf Petroleum ether extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with IC50 of 77 μ g/ml [218 ] Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae Root Ethanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 250 μ g/ml [219 ] Guaiacum coulteri Zygophyllaceae Flower Methanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 1000 μ g/ml [188 ] Guiera senegalensis Combretaceae Aerial parts Aqueous extracts inhibiting M . marinum with MIC of 200 μ g/ml [205 ] Gymnosperma glutinosum Asteraceae Leaf Hexane extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv both at 31.2 μ g/ml [220 ] Helianthus annuus Asteraceae Stem Extracts by n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol individually against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 250-500 μ g/ml [212 ] Heracleum maximum Apiaceae Root Aqueous extracts against M. bovis BCG by OD units [183 ] Heteromorpha trifoliata Apiaceae Leaf Ethanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 80 μ g/ml [221 ] Hygrophila auriculata Acanthaceae Root, leaf Acetone extract against M . tuberculosis H37Rv by y the disc diffusion method [222 ] Juglans mollis Juglandaceae Bark Hexane extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 50 μ g/ml [193 ] Juglans regia Juglandaceae Bark, leaf Hexane extracts against M . tuberculosis strain H37Rv with MIC of 100 μ g/ml [193 , 194 ] Justicia adhatoda Acanthaceae Leaf Ethanolic extract against M. tuberculosis H37Rv by y the disc diffusion method [223 ] Khaya senegalensis Meliaceae Bark, leaf Ethanolic extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC of 6.25 μ g/ml [224 ] Lantana camara Verbenaceae Leaf Methanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 20 μ g/ml [17 ] Lantana hispida Verbenaceae Leaf Hexane extracts against drug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis with MIC of 100-200 μ g/ml [193 , 194 ] Laurelia novae-zelandiae Monimiaceae Leaf, flower Aqueous extract against M . smegmatis with IC50 of 0.02 mg/ml [225 ] Leucophyllum frutescens Scrophulariaceae Root, leaf Methanol extracts against a drug-resistant strain of M. tuberculosis CIBIN/UMF15:99 with MIC of 62.5 μ g/ml [202 ] Maerua edulis Capparaceae Root Hexane extracts against M . bovis BCG, M . tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC 31.2–62.5 μ g/ml [226 ] Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Leaf, fruit Ethanolic extracts of fruit and leaves against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) both with MIC of 250 μ g/ml [227 ] Metrosideros excelsa Myrtaceae Leaf Methanol extracts against M . smegmatis with IC50 of 0.11 mg/ml [226 ] Millettia stuhlmannii Fabaceae Leaf Acetone extracts against M . smegmatis with MIC of 0.13 mg/ml [228 ] Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae Leaf Aqueous extract has an inhibition rate of 89% against M. tuberculosis H37Rv [180 ] Mucuna imbricata Fabaceae Seed Methanol extracts have potential antimycobacterial activity and the synergistic group consisting of rifampicin in murine model [185 ] Murraya koenigii Rutaceae Leaf Ethanol extracts against M. smegmatis with IC50 of 300 μ g/ml [194 ] Musa acuminata Musaceae Stem Methanol extracts against drug-resistant variants of M. tuberculosis with MIC of 200 μ g/ml [204 ] Myoporum crassifolium Scrophulariaceae Wood Hydrodistillation with essential oils against M . bovis BCG (strain 11-73 P2) with MIC of 50 μ g/ml [186 ] Myrica gale Myricaceae Root, stem Ethyl acetate extracts with 96% inhibition at 100 μ g/ml against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) [198 ] Myristica fatua Myricaceae Almond Dichloromethane soluble extracts against M . bovis BCG (strain 11-73 P2) with MIC of 50 μ g/ml [186 ] Nasturtium officinale Cruciferae Aerial parts Chloroform extracts against two drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis with MIC of 50-100 μ M [204 ] Olea europaea Oleaceae Leaf Hexane extracts against the drug-resistant variants of M . tuberculosis with MIC of 25-100 μ M [204 ] Otostegia integrifolia Lamiaceae Root Chloroform extract of roots was the most active on M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC 156 μ g/ml) and AOZ8W-4 (MDR-TB clinical isolate) (MIC 0.078 mg/ml) [229 ] Pelargonium graveolens Geraniaceae Seed Hydrodistillation for essential oil against tested isolates ranged from 19.5 μ g/ml to 78 μ g/ml [230 ] Pelargonium sidoides Geraniaceae Root Aqueous extracts inhibiting the growth of M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) by 96% at a sample concentration of 12.5 μ g/ml [231 ] Pentanisia prunelloides Rubiaceae Root 80% ethanol against M . tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) with MICof 0.78 mg/ml [215 ] Persea americana Lauraceae Leaf, seed Methanolic extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC of 31.2 μ g/ml and H37Rv; chloroformic extract of seeds against M. tuberculosis H37Rv MIC less than 50 μ g/ml [229 , 232 ] Phymaspermum acerosum Asteraceae Root, leaf Ethanol and water extracts had the best MIC value of 20 μ g/ml against five M. tuberculosis strains [221 ] Piper cernuum Piperaceae Leaf Hydrodistillation with water displayed moderate activity against the M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 125 μ g/ml [233 ] Piper diospyrifolium Piperaceae Leaf Hydrodistillation with water displayed moderate activity against the M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 125 μ g/ml [233 ] Piper guineense Piperaceae Seed Methanol extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv with MIC of 256 μ g/ml [210 ] Piper imperiale Piperaceae Flower Ethanolic extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 75 μ g/ml [234 ] Piper rivinoides Piperaceae Leaf Hydrodistillation with water displayed moderate activity against the M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 125 μ g/ml [233 ] Piper sarmentosum Piperaceae Leaf Extracts with petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol, against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 25, 25, and 12.5 μ g/ml [235 ] Pisonia borinquena Nyctaginaceae Leaf 95% ethanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with 85% inhibition at 100 μ g/ml [216 ] Pittosporum tenuifolium Pittosporaceae Leaf Ethanol extracts against M. smegmatis with IC50 of 0.78 mg/ml [225 ] Pluchea indica Asteraceae Flower and leaf 80% methanol extract against M . tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 25618 with an MIC of 800 μ g/ml [191 ] Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae Root Ethanol extract against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 31.25 μ g/ml [196 ] Psychotria zombamontana Rubiaceae Leaf Acetone extract decreased 256-fold of MIC in combination with fifampicin against M . aurum and reduction of the MICs of the anti-TB drug ranged from 2-fold to 4-fold, 2-fold to 64-fold, and 2-fold to 64-fold for M . smegmatis, M. aurium, and M . tuberculosis, respectively [207 ] Pterocarpus osun Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Stem Chloroform extract against M . tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis BCG with MIC of 1225 μ g/ml and 1100 μ g/ml, respectively, by MABA [67 , 236 ] Pterolobium stellatum Fabaceae Root Chloroform extracts of roots were the most active on M . tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC 39 μ g/ml) and AOZ8W-4 (MDR-TB clinical isolate) (MIC 0.078 mg/ml) [229 ] Rhynchosia precatoria Fabaceae Root Extracts by n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol individually against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 15.6-125 μ g/ml [212 ] Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Seed Hexane extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv sensitive strain with MIC of 2.5 mg/ml by MABA [203 ] Rosmarinus officinalis Lamiaceae Leaf Ethanolic extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC of 6.25 μ g/ml [224 ] Satureja aintabensis Lamiaceae Aerial parts Extraction with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol killed M . tuberculosis with MIC of 50-800 μ g/ml [237 ] Satyrium nepalense Orchidaceae Flower Hexane extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv TMC-102 with MIC of 15.7 μ g/ml [238 ] Schinus molle Anacardiaceae Fruit Methanol extract against a drug-resistant strain of M . tuberculosis CIBIN/UMF15:99 with MIC of 125 μ g/ml [202 ] Securidaca longepedunculata Polygalaceae Root Hexane extracts against M . bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis H37Ra, and H37Rv with 62.5 μ g/ml [226 ] Solanum torvum Solanaceae Leaf 80% ethanol crude extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177™) with MIC of 156.3 μ g/ml [184 ] Sphaeranthus indicus Asteraceae Floral head Ethanol extract against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 31.25 μ g/ml [196 ] Sterculia setigera Sterculiaceae Leaf Hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MICs of 84 μ g/ml, 62 μ g/ml, and 128 μ g/ml, respectively [239 ] Swinglea glutinosa Rutaceae Fruit peel Aqueous extracts for essential oils against M . tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) with MIC of 100 μ g/ml [182 ] Tabernaemontana elegans Apocynaceae Root Ethyl acetate extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 15.6 μ g/ml [226 ] Tabernaemontana coronaria Apocynaceae Leaf Hexane partition from methanol extracts of MIC of 100 μ g/ml against M. tuberculosis H37Rv [206 ] Terminalia phanerophlebia Combretaceae Leaf, root, twig 80% ethanol against M . tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) with 0.30 and 0.78 mg/ml, respectively [215 ] Terminalia sericea Combretaceae Stem bark Acetone extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC of 25 μ g/ml [197 ] Thymus sibthorpii Lamiaceae Aerial parts Extracts with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol against M . tuberculosis with MIC of 50–800 μ g/ml [237 ] Trachyspermum copticum Apiaceae Aerial parts Hydrodistillation extracts against M . kansasii and MDR-TB with MICs of 78 μ g/ml [230 ] Urtica dioica Urticaceae Leaf Hexane extracts against M . smegmatis with MIC of 250 μ g/ml [201 ] Uvaria rufa Annonaceae Leaf Lead acetate-treated crude chloroform extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC of 8 μ g/ml [136 ] Vetiveria zizanioides Poaceae Root Ethanolic extract and hexane fraction 500 μ g/ml or 50 μ g/ml against M . tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra [240 ] Vismia baccifera Clusiaceae Leaf Dichloromethane-methanol extracts (1.1) inhibit the M . tuberculosis H37Rv at 50 μ g/ml with [188 ] Xylopia aethiopica Annonaceae Fruit, bark Methanol extracts against M . tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv with MIC of 512 μ g/ml [210 ] Zanthoxylum capense Rutaceae Root Dichloromethane extracts against M . bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis H37Ra, and H37Rv with MICs of 31.2 μ g/ml [226 ] Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Rhizome Ethanol extract against M . tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC of 2500 μ g/ml by MABA [184 ]
