Exploring the Use of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Stroke Neurorehabilitation

Table 1

Comparison of BCI pivot signal acquisition methods and their advantages and disadvantages.

Nerve-signal acquisition methods	Event monitoring	Time resolution	Spatial resolution	Safety	Advantage	Disadvantage
Electroencephalogram (EEG)	Electrical signals	~0.05 s	~10 mm	Noninvasive	High temporal resolution, relatively low cost, high portability, low risk to users	Poor signal quality
Magnetoencephalography	Magnetic signals	~0.05 s	~5 mm	Noninvasive	High temporal and spatial resolution, less training time, and more reliable communication	Technology is too large and expensive
Electrocorticography	Electrical signals	~0.003 s	~1 mm; ~0.5 mm (LEP)	Invasive	High temporal and spatial resolution and low artefact vulnerability	Electrode mesh implanted in craniotomy, harmful to health
Intracortical point signal acquisition	Electrical signals	~0.003 s	~0.1 mm (MUA); ~0.05 mm (SUA)	Invasive	High spatial and temporal resolution	Signal quality and sensitivity diminish with time
Functional MRI	Metabolism	~1 s	~1 mm	Noninvasive	High spatial resolution	Very low time resolution, too large to carry
Near-infrared spectroscopy	Metabolism	~1 s	~5 mm	Noninvasive	Low cost, high portability, and acceptable time resolution on the order of 100 milliseconds	Very low spatial resolution