Exploring the Use of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Stroke Neurorehabilitation

Table 2

Current state of the application of BCIs in the field of stroke rehabilitation.

Current state of the development of BCIs in the field of stroke rehabilitation
Motor rehabilitation	The use of BCIs is rapidly developing in the field of locomotion, and BCIs are effective in restoring upper and lower extremity motor when used in conjunction with FES, robotics, and robotic arms.
Sensory rehabilitation	Related research is working on sensory-motor modalities for BCIs, and the development of sensory-motor closed-loop systems will improve the efficiency of rehabilitation. However, the development of sensory rehabilitation is still in its initial stage and has not yet been put into clinical use.
Communication rehabilitation	BCIs can not only help restore the rehabilitation of language disorders in stroke but also serve as a substitute for language to restore the ability to communicate in patients with language loss. Currently, the study is based on three main signals: SCP-BCI, SMR-BCI, and P300-BCI.
Cognitive rehabilitation	Applying BCIs to cognitive training improves certain cognitive functions in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, but there are relatively few clinical studies.
Environment interaction	The application of BCIs in environmental interaction is the most humane consideration for the quality of life of stroke patients with hemiplegia. The development of smart homes is greatly increasing interactions between patients and the outside environment.