Materials (class of material—group code) Compositions Method of application Manufacturer 3M Universal Single Bond (universal adhesive) MDP phosphate monomer, dimethacrylate resin, HEMA, ethanol, silane Applied to the entire surface of the enamel and dentin and rubbed for 20 seconds. Gently air dried for approximately 5 seconds and light cured for 10 sec 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA Filtek Z350 XT (nanohybrid composite resin—CR) Bis-GMA, bis-EMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, zirconia/silica ( - 75 nm, - 1.4 μ m, 59.5 vol%) Placed incrementally after adhesive was applied. Each increment was light cured for 20 sec 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA Photac Fil (resin-modified glass ionomer cement—RMGI) Polyethylene polycarbonic acid 2, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, water, diurethane dimethacrylate, magnesium, HEMA, ester The capsule was activated and mixed in an amalgamator for 10 sec and placed in two-increment bulk. Each increment was light cured for 20 msec 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA Ketac Universal (conventional glass ionomer cement—GIC) Powder: . Liquid: water (40–60 wt%), copolymer of acrylic acid-maleic acid (30-50 wt%), tartaric acid (1-10 wt), and benzoic acid (<0.2 wt%) The capsule was activated and mixed in an amalgamator for 10 sec and placed in bulk 3M ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, USA