Early Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Traumatic Aortic Injury Caused by Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries: A Series of Four Cases with Literature Review

Table 2

The Vancouver simplified, Gavant, and SVS classification systems.

Grade	Vancouver simplified [22]	Gavant [21]	SVS [20]
I	Intimal flap, thrombus, or intramural	(a) Normal aorta, no mediastinal hematoma; (b) Normal aorta, mediastinal hematoma (para-aortic)	Intimal tear
II	Intimal flap, thrombus, or intramural	(a) Minimal aortic injury, small (<1 cm) pseudoaneurysm, flap, or thrombus, no mediastinal hematoma; (b) Minimal aortic injury, small (<1 cm) pseudoaneurysm, flap, or thrombus, mediastinal hematoma (Para-aortic)	Intramural hematoma
III	Pseudoaneurysm (simple or complex, no extravasation)	(a) >1 cm easily identified, regular, well-defined pseudoaneurysm with intimal flap or thrombus; no ascending aorta, arch, or great vessel involvement; mediastinal hematoma present; (b) >1 cm easily identified, regular, well-defined pseudoaneurysm with intimal flap or thrombus; ascending aorta, arch, or great vessel involvement present; mediastinal hematoma present	Pseudoaneurysm
IV	Contrast extravasation (with or without pseudoaneurysm)	Total aortic disruption; easily identified, irregular, poorly defined pseudoaneurysm with intimal flap or thrombus; mediastinal hematoma present	Rupture

SVS: The Society for Vascular Surgery.