Research Article
Artificial Intelligence for Classifying and Archiving Orthodontic Images
Table 1
Clinical and demographic characteristics of included patients.
| | Characteristic | Internal dataset () | External dataset () | | Training () | Validation () |
| | Age in years | 29 (4-62) | 27.9 (4-58) | 28.7 (4-60) | | Sex | | Male | 248 (27.6) | 30 (30) | 32 (32) | | Female | 652 (72.4) | 70 (70) | 68 (68) | | Photograph classification | | Frontal at rest | 950 (7.3) | 100 (7.1) | 110 (7.7) | | Frontal smile | 1,012 (7.8) | 100 (7.1) | 99 (7) | | Oblique at rest | 896 (6.9) | 100 (7.1) | 109 (7.7) | | Oblique smile | 906 (7) | 100 (7.1) | 123 (8.7) | | Profile at rest | 1,002 (7.7) | 100 (7.1) | 87 (6.1) | | Profile smile | 935 (7.2) | 100 (7.1) | 90 (6.3) | | Intraoral right | 976 (7.5) | 100 (7.1) | 102 (7.2) | | Intraoral front | 899 (6.9) | 100 (7.1) | 109 (7.7) | | Intraoral left | 1,009 (7.7) | 100 (7.1) | 107 (7.5) | | Maxillary occlusal | 828 (6.4) | 100 (7.1) | 98 (6.9) | | Mandibular occlusal | 932 (7.2) | 100 (7.1) | 97 (6.8) | | Overjet | 854 (6.6) | 100 (7.1) | 89 (6.3) | | Radiograph classification | | Lateral cephalogram | 900 (6.9) | 100 (7.1) | 100 (7) | | Panoramic radiograph | 900 (6.9) | 100 (7.1) | 100 (7) | | Total number of images | 12,999 | 1,400 | 1,420 |
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Values are , (%), or median (range). |
