Research Article
Artificial Intelligence for Classifying and Archiving Orthodontic Images
Table 4
Performance of human experts and deep learning during classification of orthodontic images in the external dataset.
| Operator | Method | Accuracy | Macro-AUC | Time taken to archive (min) |
| Deep learning | Automatic | 0.994 | 1.00 | 0.08 | Expert 1 | Manual | 0.988 | 0.992 | 19.19 | Deep learning assistance | 0.998 | 0.997 | 8.27 | Expert 2 | Manual | 0.987 | 0.985 | 18.97 | Deep learning assistance | 0.997 | 0.996 | 7.92 | Expert 3 | Manual | 0.983 | 0.983 | 18.63 | Deep learning assistance | 0.996 | 0.996 | 8.10 |
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AUC: area under the curve.
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