[Retracted] The Anesthetic Effect and Safety of Dexmedetomidine in Cesarean Section: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

The basic characteristic of the included literature.

Study (year)	Age (years, )	Operation time (min, )	Experimental group ()	Control group ()
Hanoura (2013) [18]			2 ml of spinal anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+10 ml of epidural injection 0.25% bupivacaine+dexmedetomidine 1 μ/kg and fentanyl 100 μg ()	2 ml of lumbar anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+10 ml of epidural injection 0.25% bupivacaine+fentanyl 100 μg (25)
Li (2015) [19]			Lumbar anesthesia 10 mg bupivacaine+10 μg dexmedetomidine (21)	Lumbar anesthesia 10 mg bupivacaine (21)
Liu (2015) [20]			1.5 ml of lumbar anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (40); 1.5 ml of lumbar anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+1 μ/kg dexmedetomidine (40) ()	1.5 ml of lumbar anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection ()
Nasseri (2017) [21]			Lumbar anesthesia 12.5 mg 0.5% bupivacaine+5 μg dexmedetomidine (25)	Lumbar anesthesia 12.5 mg 0.5% bupivacaine+0.5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection (25)
Sun (2015) [22]			2 ml of lumbar anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+10 μg dexmedetomidine (30)	2 ml of lumbar anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+1.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection (30)
Yousef (2015) [23]			1.5 ml of spinal anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+10 ml of epidural infusion 0.25% bupivacaine+1 ml of dexmedetomidine 0.5 WG/kg+1 ml of fentanyl 50 μg (40)	1.5 ml of spinal anesthesia 0.5% bupivacaine+10 ml of epidural injection 0.25% bupivacaine+1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection+1 ml of fentanyl 50 μg (40)
Qi (2016) [24]			2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine containing 5 μg of dexmedetomidine ()	2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine alone ()
Xia (2018) [25]			Bupivacaine+5 mcg dexmedetomidine (45)	Bupivacaine+the same volume of saline (45)