Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio Is Independently Associated with Progressive Infarction in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Table 1

Comparison of baseline characteristics between PI and non-PI groups.

Variable	PI ()	Non-PI ()
Demographic characteristics
Age			0.895
Male, (%)	90 (61.2%)	220 (66.7%)	0.25
Hypertension, (%)	93 (63.3%)	172 (52.1%)	0.028
Diabetes, (%)	44 (29.9%)	75 (22.7%)	0.109
Initial NIHSS, median (IQR)	3.0 (2, 6)	2.5 (1, 6)	0.011
Laboratory data
WBC (109/L), median (IQR)	7.13 (5.92, 8.88)	7.02 (5.79, 8.68)	0.398
RBC (g/L), median (IQR)	4.43 (4.01, 4.78)	4.4 (4.04, 4.77)	0.86
HGB (g/L), median (IQR)	133.0 (119, 145)	133.0 (122, 145)	0.384
PLT (109/L), median (IQR)	209.0 (162, 249)	205.0 (167, 252)	0.61
Lymphocyte (109/L), median (IQR)	1.46 (1.02, 1.96)	1.49 (1.10, 1.85)	0.55
Monocyte (109/L), median (IQR)	0.42 (0.32, 0.55)	0.48 (0.37, 0,63)	0.001
Neutrophilic granulocyte (109/L), median (IQR)	4.92 (3.87, 6.89)	4.72 (3.55, 6.19)	0.132
TP (g/L), median (IQR)	65.42 (61.0, 69.3)	65.42 (61.9, 68.8)	0.802
BUN (mmol/L), median (IQR)	5.1 (3.80, 6.40)	4.9 (3.90, 6.53)	0.622
Cr (umol/L), median (IQR)	65.1 (53.7, 79.9)	68.6 (58.1, 83.83)	0.041
Uric acid (mmol/L), median (IQR)	308.0 (235, 391.9)	318.5 (264, 392)	0.124
Fasting glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)	6.39 (5.27, 8.38)	5.67 (4.80, 7.12)	0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)	4.38 (3.65, 5.08)	4.38 (3.59, 4.97)	0.611
Triglyceride (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.36 (0.99, 1.98)	1.37 (0.92, 1.79)	0.056
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.14 (0.93, 1.36)	1.14 (0.93, 1.37)	0.911
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)	2.7 (2.05, 3.28)	2.67 (2.07, 3.15)	0.478
Fibrinogen (g/L), median (IQR)	3.0 (2.40, 3.51)	3.04 (2.47, 3.60)	0.55
D-dimer (mg/L), median (IQR)	0.42 (0.22, 1.0)	0.54 (0.28, 1.28)	0.05
Urine specific gravity, median (IQR)	1.02 (1.01, 1.02)	1.02 (1.02, 1.03)	0.308
NLR, median (IQR)	3.57 (2.17, 6.01)	3.12 (2.13, 4.99)	0.105
PLR, median (IQR)	149.68 (104.41, 204.94)	138.72 (107.45, 184.97)	0.398
LMR, median (IQR)	3.59 (2.45, 4.79)	3.04 (2.13, 4.14)	0.004
MHR, median (IQR)	0.38 (0.26, 0.54)	0.43 (0.32, 0.63)	0.003
Imaging date
TOAST			0.664
LAA	76 (51.7%)	151 (45.8%)
SAA	40 (27.2%)	112 (33.9%)
CE	12 (8.2%)	29 (8.8%)
UE	8 (5.4%)	16 (4.8%)
OE	11 (7.5%)	22 (14.9%)
Lesion location, %			0.039
Anterior circulation	113 (76.9%)	222 (67.3%)
Posterior circulation	34 (23.1%)	108 (32.7%)
Leukoaraiosis			0.595
0	22 (14.9%)	54 (16.4%)
1	65 (44.2%)	150 (45.5%)
2	35 (23.8%)	61 (18.5%)
3	25 (17.0%)	64 (19.4%)
Outcome
Discharge NIHSS, median (IQR)	5.0 (2, 8)	1.0 (0, 3.25)	<0.001
3 mo MRS			<0.001
0	21 (14.3%)	152 (46.1%)
1	31 (21.1%)	78 (23.6%)
2	12 (8.2%)	33 (10.0%)
3	25 (17.0%)	27 (8.2%)
4	40 (27.2%)	35 (10.6%)
5	12 (8.2%)	2 (0.6%)
6	6 (4.1%)	3 (0.9%)

PI: progressive infarction; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; MRS: modified Rankin scale; 3 mo: 3 months; WBC: white blood cell; RBC: red blood cell; HGB: hemoglobin; PLT: blood platelet; PT: prothrombin time; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; UA: uric acid; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; GSP: glycated serum protein; TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 In Acute Stroke Treatment; LAA: large artery atherosclerosis; SVO: small vessel occlusion; CE: cardioembolism; UE: undetermined etiology; OE: other etiology; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation. .