Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran: A Cohort Study of Clinical Profile, Risk Factors, and Outcomes
Table 3
Descriptive statistics of drugs being tested to treat COVID-19 for hospitalized patients in Tehran.
Variables
Total ()
Survivor ()
Deceased ()
Cramer’s V/Eta
value
Plasmapheresis
No
5241 (98.55)
4159 (98.93)
1080 (97.12)
0.06
<0.001
Yes
76 (1.43)
45 (1.07)
31 (2.79)
Amantadine
No
5308 (99.81)
4195 (99.79)
1111 (99.91)
0.01
0.396
Yes
10 (0.19)
9 (0.21)
1 (0.09)
Acetylsalicylic acid
No
3384 (63.63)
2750 (65.41)
632 (56.83)
0.07
<0.001
Yes
1927 (36.24)
1451 (34.51)
476 (42.81)
Atazanavir
No
5232 (98.38)
4140 (98.48)
1090 (98.02)
0.02
0.284
Yes
86 (1.62)
64 (1.52)
22 (1.98)
Atorvastatin
No
2996 (56.34)
2430 (57.80)
564 (50.72)
0.06
<0.001
Yes
2277 (42.82)
1738 (41.34)
539 (48.47)
Atrovent
No
5091 (95.73)
4028 (95.81)
1061 (95.41)
0.01
0.535
Yes
226 (4.25)
175 (4.16)
51 (4.59)
Azithromycin
No
3147 (59.18)
2386 (56.76)
760 (68.35)
0.1
<0.001
Yes
2124 (39.94)
1780 (42.34)
343 (30.85)
Bromhexine
No
5040 (94.77)
3970 (94.43)
1068 (96.04)
0.03
0.032
Yes
278 (5.23)
234 (5.57)
44 (3.96)
Calcium carbonate
No
5063 (95.20)
4027 (95.79)
1034 (92.99)
0.05
<0.001
Yes
253 (4.76)
176 (4.19)
77 (6.92)
Ceftriaxone
No
2761 (51.92)
2124 (50.52)
636 (57.19)
0.05
<0.001
Yes
2555 (48.04)
2078 (49.43)
476 (42.81)
Celexan
No
3318 (62.39)
2553 (60.73)
764 (68.71)
0.07
<0.001
Yes
2000 (37.61)
1651 (39.27)
348 (31.29)
Clindamycin
No
5100 (95.90)
4049 (96.31)
1049 (94.33)
0.05
0.001
Yes
178 (3.35)
123 (2.93)
55 (4.95)
Ciprofloxacin
No
4942 (92.93)
3975 (94.55)
965 (86.78)
0.12
<0.001
Yes
376 (7.07)
229 (5.45)
147 (13.22)
Clidinium C
No
5302 (99.70)
4190 (99.67)
1110 (99.82)
0.01
0.407
Yes
16 (0.30)
14 (0.33)
2 (0.18)
Combivent
No
4834 (90.90)
3834 (91.20)
999 (89.84)
0.02
0.121
Yes
442 (8.31)
336 (7.99)
105 (9.44)
Dexamethasone
No
2892 (54.38)
2338 (55.61)
554 (49.82)
0.05
0.001
Yes
2382 (44.79)
1832 (43.58)
548 (49.28)
Dextromethorphan
No
4999 (94.00)
3944 (93.82)
1053 (94.69)
0.02
0.277
Yes
278 (5.23)
227 (5.40)
51 (4.59)
Dimenhydrinate
No
5235 (98.44)
4133 (98.31)
1100 (98.92)
0.03
0.06
Yes
43 (0.81)
39 (0.93)
4 (0.36)
Diphenhydramin
No
3802 (71.49)
2945 (70.05)
856 (76.98)
0.06
<0.001
Yes
1471 (27.66)
1224 (29.12)
246 (22.12)
Fluconazole
No
5234 (98.42)
4158 (98.91)
1074 (96.58)
0.08
<0.001
Yes
82 (1.54)
45 (1.07)
37 (3.33)
Heparin
No
2745 (51.62)
2323 (55.26)
421 (37.86)
0.14
<0.001
Yes
2570 (48.33)
1879 (44.70)
690 (62.05)
Hydroxychloroquine
No
3061 (57.56)
2411 (57.35)
649 (58.36)
0.01
0.766
Yes
1086 (20.42)
851 (20.24)
235 (21.13)
Imipenem
No
5067 (95.28)
4057 (96.50)
1008 (90.65)
0.11
<0.001
Yes
251 (4.72)
147 (3.50)
104 (9.35)
Interferon
No
3176 (59.72)
2551 (60.68)
624 (56.12)
0.04
0.005
Yes
2088 (39.26)
1610 (38.30)
477 (42.90)
Kaletra
No
3149 (59.21)
2506 (59.61)
642 (57.73)
0.04
0.005
Yes
954 (17.94)
719 (17.10)
235 (21.13)
Levofloxacin
No
4851 (91.22)
3875 (92.17)
975 (87.68)
0.07
<0.001
Yes
427 (8.03)
297 (7.06)
129 (11.60)
Linezolid
No
5238 (98.50)
4163 (99.02)
1073 (96.49)
0.09
<0.001
Yes
79 (1.49)
40 (0.95)
39 (3.51)
Meropenem
No
3936 (74.01)
3328 (79.16)
606 (54.50)
0.23
<0.001
Yes
1336 (25.12)
838 (19.93)
498 (44.78)
Magnesium sulfate
No
4960 (93.27)
3929 (93.46)
1029 (92.54)
0.02
0.263
Yes
357 (6.71)
274 (6.52)
83 (7.46)
N-acetyl cysteine
No
4600 (86.50)
3687 (87.70)
911 (81.92)
0.07
<0.001
Yes
715 (13.44)
514 (12.23)
201 (18.08)
Ondansetron
No
5009 (94.19)
3943 (93.79)
1064 (95.68)
0.04
0.01
Yes
266 (5.00)
227 (5.40)
39 (3.51)
Oseltamivir
No
3711 (69.78)
2907 (69.15)
803 (72.21)
0.04
0.019
Yes
350 (6.58)
293 (6.97)
57 (5.13)
Piperacillin
No
5312 (99.89)
4200 (99.90)
1110 (99.82)
0.01
0.454
Yes
6 (0.11)
4 (0.10)
2 (0.18)
Plasil
No
5288 (99.44)
4181 (99.45)
1105 (99.37)
0
0.744
Yes
30 (0.56)
23 (0.55)
7 (0.63)
Plavix
No
4899 (92.12)
3909 (92.98)
988 (88.85)
0.06
<0.001
Yes
418 (7.86)
295 (7.02)
123 (11.06)
Prednisolone
No
4886 (91.88)
3879 (92.27)
1005 (90.38)
0.03
0.048
Yes
426 (8.01)
321 (7.64)
105 (9.44)
Promethazine
No
5219 (98.14)
4124 (98.10)
1093 (98.29)
0.01
0.67
Yes
99 (1.86)
80 (1.90)
19 (1.71)
Pulmi
No
4517 (84.94)
3585 (85.28)
932 (83.81)
0.02
0.229
Yes
797 (14.99)
616 (14.65)
179 (16.10)
Ranitidine
No
5055 (95.05)
4006 (95.29)
1047 (94.15)
0.02
0.141
Yes
261 (4.91)
197 (4.69)
64 (5.76)
Remdesivir
No
4482 (84.28)
3611 (85.89)
870 (78.24)
0.09
<0.001
Yes
836 (15.72)
593 (14.11)
242 (21.76)
Ribavirin
No
4013 (75.46)
3163 (75.24)
849 (76.35)
0.07
<0.001
Yes
13 (0.24)
4 (0.10)
9 (0.81)
Salb
No
5189 (97.57)
4113 (97.84)
1074 (96.58)
0.03
0.014
Yes
128 (2.41)
90 (2.14)
38 (3.42)
Selenium
No
5159 (97.01)
4078 (97.00)
1079 (97.03)
0
0.959
Yes
159 (2.99)
126 (3.00)
33 (2.97)
Seroflo
No
5142 (96.69)
4056 (96.48)
1084 (97.48)
0.02
0.104
Yes
175 (3.29)
147 (3.50)
28 (2.52)
Sovodac
No
3993 (75.08)
3141 (74.71)
851 (76.53)
0.01
0.618
Yes
59 (1.11)
48 (1.14)
11 (0.99)
Vanco
No
3963 (74.52)
3409 (81.09)
552 (49.64)
0.29
<0.001
Yes
1350 (25.39)
792 (18.84)
558 (50.18)
Vitamin B
No
4722 (88.79)
3776 (89.82)
945 (84.98)
0.06
<0.001
Yes
593 (11.15)
427 (10.16)
165 (14.84)
Vitamin C
No
3866 (72.70)
3059 (72.76)
806 (72.48)
0
0.824
Yes
1449 (27.25)
1142 (27.16)
306 (27.52)
Vitamin D
No
3742 (70.36)
2974 (70.74)
767 (68.97)
0.02
0.245
Yes
1570 (29.52)
1225 (29.14)
344 (30.94)
Pantazole
No
1327 (24.95)
1081 (25.71)
246 (22.12)
0.05
0.001
Yes
2419 (45.49)
1860 (44.24)
558 (50.18)
Concor (bisoprolol)
No
3212 (60.40)
2561 (60.92)
650 (58.45)
0.1
<0.001
Yes
448 (8.42)
300 (7.14)
148 (13.31)
Amlodipine
No
3214 (60.44)
2544 (60.51)
669 (60.16)
0.06
<0.001
Yes
412 (7.75)
293 (6.97)
119 (10.70)
Aldactone
No
3321 (62.45)
2613 (62.16)
707 (63.58)
0.03
0.063
Yes
276 (5.19)
204 (4.85)
72 (6.47)
Lactulose
No
3121 (58.69)
2462 (58.56)
658 (59.17)
0.03
0.04
Yes
488 (9.18)
365 (8.68)
123 (11.06)
Carvedilol
No
3497 (65.76)
2740 (65.18)
756 (67.99)
0
0.803
Yes
83 (1.56)
66 (1.57)
17 (1.53)
Fentanyl
No
3406 (64.05)
2778 (66.08)
628 (56.47)
0.36
<0.001
Yes
177 (3.33)
24 (0.57)
152 (13.67)
Apotel
No
2552 (47.99)
2014 (47.91)
538 (48.38)
0.02
0.192
Yes
1109 (20.85)
853 (20.29)
255 (22.93)
Zinc
No
3115 (58.57)
2430 (57.80)
684 (61.51)
0.01
0.52
Yes
499 (9.38)
395 (9.40)
103 (9.26)
Insulin
No
2767 (52.03)
2190 (52.09)
576 (51.80)
0.03
0.061
Yes
966 (18.16)
737 (17.53)
229 (20.59)
Lasix
No
2708 (50.92)
2222 (52.85)
485 (43.62)
0.15
<0.001
Yes
1029 (19.35)
701 (16.67)
328 (29.50)
Hematinic
No
3499 (65.80)
2735 (65.06)
763 (68.62)
0.03
0.106
Yes
72 (1.35)
62 (1.47)
10 (0.90)
The Cramer’s V test was used to measure the association between categorical variables and status. The value of Cramer’s V indicates how strongly two categorical variables are associated, giving a value between 0 and +1. For numeric variables, the Mann–Whitney test was used to compare median values between survivors and deceased cases. Eta was used to measure the association of numeric variables with status, giving a value between 0 and 1. In both Cramer’s V and Eta, values close to 1 indicating a high degree of association. The missing values were ignored in calculation of percentages. The median (Q1, Q3) and frequency (%) were used for describing the numeric and categorical variables, respectively.
