Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Retrospective Study

Figure 2

(a) Contrast transcranial Doppler (cTCD) detected large right-to-left shunt in a patient with CS; (b) contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) showed a large number of microbubbles in the left atrium within three cardiac cycles after the contrast entered the right atrium; (c) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) detected right-to-left shunt and the width of gap (the yellow arrow) between the atrial septum and PFO valve; (d) contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) showed no microbubbles in the left atrium after PFO closure.

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