The Role of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in Mediating Genetic Susceptibility via MC4R s17782313 Genotypes to Affect Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Apparently Healthy Obese Individuals
Table 3
Statistically significant direct and indirect pathways of the association of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism, diet, sociodemographic, and psychological variables with serum glycemic levels and lipid profile and MetS among obese individuals.
Model path
Standardized estimate
SE
Model 1
Direct effects
Age ⟶ GI
-0.105
0.045
0.019
Appetite ⟶ GL
1.795
0.533
≤0.01
Sex⟶ triglyceride
-30.589
9.604
≤0.01
Triglyceride ⟶ LDL-C
-0.200
0.001
≤0.01
HDL⟶LDL-C
-0.999
0.005
≤0.01
Cholesterol ⟶ LDL-C
1.001
0.001
≤0.01
Triglyceride ⟶ HDL
-0.068
0.011
≤0.01
Cholesterol ⟶ HDL
0.115
0.021
≤0.01
MC4R⟶HDL
-1.880
0.863
0.029
Age⟶ cholesterol
1.008
0.346
≤0.01
Indirect effects via GI and GL
Sex ⟶LDL-C
3.970
1.448
≤0.01
MC4R⟶LDL-C
6.589
3.247
0.042
Age ⟶LDL-C
0.878
0.304
≤0.01
Sex ⟶HDL
2.203
0.764
≤0.01
Age ⟶HDL
0.129
0.049
≤0.01
Model 2
Direct effects
Age ⟶ GI
-0.103
0.045
0.022
Appetite ⟶ GL
1.797
0.534
≤0.01
Sex ⟶ glucose
-0.028
0.013
0.029
Age⟶ glucose
0.003
0.001
≤0.01
Age⟶ insulin
0.008
0.003
≤0.01
Model 3
Direct effects
MC4R⟶MetS
0.010
0.005
0.023
Sex⟶MetS
-0.605
0.268
0.024
Age⟶MetS
0.053
0.018
≤0.01
Abbreviations: GI: glycemic index; GL: glycemic load; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; MetS: metabolic syndrome; MC4R: melanocortin-4 receptor; SE: standard error of the estimate. All standardized path coefficients shown were significant (). Standardized path coefficients.
