Research Article
Gender Discrepancy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Study from a Level 1 Trauma Center
Table 1
Characteristics, management and outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients admitted at Hamad Trauma Center stratified by gender.
| | Overall () | Male (, 94.4%) | Female (, 5.6%) | value |
| | Age in years ±SD | | | | 0.004 | | Mechanism of injury (%) | | | | | | Motor vehicle crashes | 486 (30.0) | 447 (29.2) | 39 (42.9) | 0.04 for all | | Fall from height | 551 (34.0) | 527 (34.5) | 24 (26.4) | | | Pedestrian | 268 (16.5) | 257 (16.8) | 11 (12.1) | | | Other mechanisms | 315 (19.4) | 298 (19.5) | 17 (18.7) | | | Comorbidities (%) | 192 (11.8%) | 174 (90.6%) | 18 (9.4%) | 0.048 | | Injuries (%) | | | | | | Chest | 594 (36.7) | 559 (36.6) | 35 (38.5) | 0.71 | | Abdominal | 203 (12.5) | 187 (12.2) | 16 (17.6) | 0.13 | | Musculoskeletal | 768 (47.4) | 725 (47.4) | 43 (47.3) | 0.98 | | Type of TBI (%) | | | | | | (i) SDH | 434 (26.8) | 406 (26.6) | 28 (30.8) | 0.09 | | (ii) EDH | 366 (22.6) | 354 (23.2) | 12 (13.2) | | | (iii) Contusion | 294 (18.1) | 276 (18.1) | 18 (19.8) | | | (iv) SAH | 131 (8.1) | 119 (7.8) | 12 (13.2) | | | (v) DAI | 118 (7.3) | 110 (7.2) | 8 (8.8) | | | (vi) Edema | 103 (6.4) | 101 (6.6) | 2 (2.2) | | | (vii) Others | 174 (10.7) | 163 (10.7) | 11 (12.1) | | | (viii) Midline shift | 360 (22.2) | 342 (22.4) | 18 (19.8) | 0.56 | | Injury characteristics | | | | | | GCS at ED | 14 IQR (3-15) | 14 IQR (3-15) | 14 IQR (3-15) | 0.74 | | Median AIS head | 3 IQR (3-5) | 3 IQR (3-5) | 3 IQR (3-4) | 0.44 | | ISS | 22 IQR (14-29) | 22 IQR (14-29) | 19 IQR (13-27) | 0.55 | | Intubation (%) | 772 (47.7) | 735 (48.1) | 37 (40.7) | 0.17 | | Ventilator days | | | | | | (i) >7 days | 396 (24.4) | 379 (24.8) | 17 (18.7) | 0.32 | | (ii) ≤7 days | 376 (23.2) | 356 (23.3) | 20 (22.0) | | | (iii) Not intubated | 848 (52.3) | 794 (51.9) | 54 (59.3) | | | Ventilator-associated pneumonia (%) | 169 (10.4) | 156 (10.2) | 13 (14.3) | 0.22 | | Outcomes | | | | | | LOS | 10 IQR (5-22) | 10 IQR (5-22) | 10 IQR (4-25) | 0.73 | | LOS>30 days (%) | 261 (16.1) | 243 (15.9) | 18 (19.8) | 0.33 | | Mortality (%) | 203 (12.5) | 191 (12.5) | 12 (13.2) | 0.85 |
|
|
TBI: traumatic brain injury; SDH: subdural hematoma; EDH: epidural hematoma; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; DAI: diffuse axonal injury; GCS: Glasgow coma score; ED: emergency department; AIS: abbreviated injury score; ISS: injury severity score; LOS: length of stay, comorbidities = diabetes or hypertension or both. |
