Anatomical Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Configuration of Permanent Maxillary Dentition in the Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Table 4

Number of roots and number of canals of maxillary first and second molars among Saudi populations.

Study (year)	Region	Method	Sample	# roots (%)				# canals (%)
				1	2	3	4	1	2	3	MB2	MB3
Maxillary first molars
Al-Habib et al. (2021)	Western	CBCT	106								92
		In vivo									(86.8)
Alhejazi et al. (2021)	Central	CBCT	200			200				146	54
		In vivo				(100.0)				(73.0)	(27.0)
Alfouzan et al. [21]	Central	CT	35								28	6
		In vitro									(80.0)	(17.1)
Alswilem et al. [24]	Northern	CBCT	110								46
		In vivo									(41.8)
Al-Shehri et al. [33]	Central	CBCT	351		1	350			13	142	195	1
		In vivo			(0.3)	(99.7)			(3.7)	(40.4)	(55.6)	(0.3)
Alrahabi et al. (2015)	Western	CBCT	100			94	6			29	71
		In vitro				(94.0)	(6.0)			(29.0)	(71.0)
Agwan et al. (2015)	Northern	PA	100								45
		In vivo									(45.0)
Al-Fouzan et al. [18]	Central	PA	308								158
		In vivo									(51.3)
Al-Nazhan et al. (2005)	Central	PA	352								82
		In vivo									(23.3)
Total			1662		1	644	6		13	317	771	7
					(0.2)^α	(98.9)^α	(0.9)^α		(2.0)^β	(48.7)^β	(46.4)^η	(0.4)^η
Maxillary second molars
Alhejazi et al. (2021)	Central	CBCT	200			200				176	24
		In vivo				(100.0)				(88.0)	(12.0)
Alfouzan et al. [21]	Central	CT	30								24	4
		In vitro									(80.0)	(13.3)
Al-Fouzan et al. (20[61]13)	Central	PA	162								32
		In vivo									(19.7)
Total			392			200				176	80	4
						(100.0)^δ				(88.0)^λ	(20.4)^μ	(1.0)^μ

^αThe percentage is out of 651 teeth (studies that investigated the number of roots of 1^st molars); ^βthe percentage is out of 651 teeth (studies that investigated the number of canals of 1^st molars); ^ηthe percentage is out of 1,662 teeth (studies that investigated the number of canals of MB roots of 1^st molars); ^δthe percentage is out of 200 teeth (studies that investigated the number of roots of 2^nd molars); ^λthe percentage is out of 200 teeth (studies that investigated the number of canals of 2^nd molars); ^μthe percentage is out of 392 teeth (studies that investigated the number of canals of MB roots of 2^nd molars).