Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects

Figure 5

Bacterial α-diversity analysed in the faecal samples of the volunteers in the placebo and in the probiotic groups at the three time points of the study (baseline, treatment, and follow-up). Analyses are based on the Shannon index using a multiple group test (Kruskal-Wallis test at two levels of significance).