Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects

Table 2

Number of subjects who experienced at least one common infectious disease (CID) symptom.

	Placebo			Probiotics
	Total	0-28 d	28-56 d	Total	0-28 d	28-56 d
No. of subjects with at least one CID	19^a	13	14^b	10^a	8	5^b
No. of subjects with at least one RI		10	9		7	2
No. of subjects with at least one MS		9	8		3	1
No. of subjects with at least one GI		6	4		2	2

The table represents the number of subjects with at least one common infectious disease (CID) symptom during the whole study (total), the treatment period (0-28 days), and the follow-up period (28-56 days). CID are differentiated into the following categories: respiratory (RI), musculoskeletal (MS), and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The difference of total subjects with at least one CID between groups was evaluated using , while the Fisher exact test (with False Discovery Rate adjustment for multiple comparisons) was used for the analysis of the single study periods. Statistically significant results are reported in bold ( value < 0.05). ^aIndicates the comparison “total in placebo group” vs. “total in probiotic group”; ^bindicates the comparison “follow-up in placebo group” vs. “follow-up in the probiotic group”.