Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects

Table 3

Number of days characterized by at least one common infectious disease (CID) symptom.

	Placebo			Probiotics
	Total	0-28 d	28-56 d	Total	0-28 d	28-56 d
No. of days with at least one CID	224^a	100	124^b	103^a	64	38^b
No. of days with at least one RI		87	71		54	20
No. of days with at least one MS		60	52		9	6
No. of days with at least one GI		13	31		8	12

Number of days characterized by at least one common infectious disease (CID) symptoms during the whole study (total), the treatment period (0-28 days), and the follow-up period (28-56 days). CID are differentiated into the following categories: respiratory symptoms (RI), musculoskeletal symptoms (MS), and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The number of days with CIDs was compared between groups using the Wilcoxon test (with False Discovery Rate adjustment for multiple comparisons for the analysis by study periods). Statistically significant results are reported in bold ( value < 0.01). ^aIndicates the comparison “total in the placebo group” vs. “total in the probiotic group”; ^bindicates the comparison “follow-up in the placebo group” vs. “follow-up in the probiotic group”.