Biochemical Characterization of Different Chemical Components of Parthenium hysterophorus and Their Therapeutic Potential against HIV-1 RT and Microbial Growth

Table 1

Qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. hysterophorus leaf, stem, and flower at low temperature.

Plant name	Solvent	Phytochemicals	Leaf	Stem	Flower
P. hysterophorus	Hexane	Flavonoids	ND	ND	ND
		Saponins	ND	ND	ND
		Tannins	ND	ND	ND
		Terpenoids	+ + + + +	+ + + +	+ + + +
		Steroids	+ +	+	+ +
		Phenols	+ + +	+ + +	+
		Quinones	+ + +	+ +	+ +
		Cardiac glycosides	+ + +	+ +	+ +
		Carbohydrates	ND	+ + +	+ + +
		Alkaloids	+	ND	ND
	Ethyl acetate	Flavonoids	+ +	+	ND
		Saponins	ND	ND	ND
		Tannins	ND	ND	ND
		Terpenoids	+ + + +	+ + + +	+ + + +
		Steroids	+ + +	+	+ +
		Phenols	+ + +	+ + +	+
		Quinones	+ + +	+ + + +	+ +
		Cardiac glycosides	+ + +	+ + +	+ + + +
		Carbohydrates	+ +	+ +	+ + +
		Alkaloids	ND	+ + +	ND
	Methanol	Flavonoids	ND	ND	ND
		Saponins	+	—	+
		Tannins	+ +	+ +	ND
		Terpenoids	+ + +	++	+ + + +
		Steroids	+	ND	+ +
		Phenols	+ + +	+	+ +
		Quinones	ND	ND	+ +
		Cardiac glycosides	+ +	ND	ND
		Carbohydrates	+ + +	+ + +	+ + + +
		Alkaloids	+ + + +	ND	+ + + +
	Aqueous	Flavonoids	+	+	ND
		Saponins	+ +	ND	ND
		Tannins	ND	ND	+ + +
		Terpenoids	+ + + + +	+ +	+ + + +
		Steroids	+ +	+	+ +
		Phenols	+	+	+ +
		Quinones	+ + +	ND	+
		Cardiac glycosides	ND	ND	ND
		Carbohydrates	+ +	ND	+
		Alkaloids	+ + + +	+ + +	+ + + + +

^#The sign (+) shows the presence of phytochemicals in the extract, and the increase in the sign (+) shows the presence of more amount of phytochemicals. ND represents the compounds not detected.