Association between Circulating Antioxidants and Longevity: Insight from Mendelian Randomization Study

Figure 3

MR estimates for relationships between genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and lifespan years (). The effect estimates for absolute antioxidants represent the change in lifespan years per unit increase in ln-transformed selenium, β-carotene, and retinol values, 1 mmol/l ascorbate and 1 mg/dl lycopene. For antioxidant metabolites, the estimates are expressed as change in lifespan years per 10-fold increase in antioxidant metabolite’s level. All estimates were calculated based on random-effect IVW method. The P_{heterogeneity} values derived from Cochran’s statistics were used to reflect heterogeneity between the SNP-specific estimates. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; IVW: inverse-variance weighted; MR: Mendelian randomization; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism.