Endoscopic Techniques for Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Principles and Context

Figure 1

Preoperative T2-weighted MR of the patient who underwent a typical full-endoscopic TLIF. (a) Paramidline sagittal view of lumbar spine from a plane intersecting the left neural foramina, demonstrated moderate stenosis of the L4-5 left neural foramen caused by ligamentum flavum and facet hypertrophy. (b) Axial disc cut at the level of L4-5 further illustrated facet osteoarthritis with compression of the exiting nerve root.

(a)

(b)