Endoscopic Techniques for Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Principles and Context

Figure 2

Representative radiographic outcomes of full-endoscopic TLIF. (a) Sagittal CT slice obtained on the day of surgery confirmed adequate graft positioning and L4-5. The expanded cage resulted in disc space recovery, as intended. (b) Associated axial view of implanted hardware revealed expected oblique graft orientation. Procedure-related free air in the retroperitoneum was also noted. (c) Plain anterior-posterior films obtained at short-term follow-up affirmed hardware placement. (d) Associated lateral X-ray also did not reveal evidence of hardware complication.

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