[Retracted] Factors Influencing Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaking following Pituitary Adenoma Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review

Table 1

Summary of the basic information and risk factors of the included literatures.

Serial number	Author	Study location	Date of publication	Total cases	Number of cases of postoperative CSF Leak (%)	Factors	Quality score (points)
1	Ivan et al. [10]	California, USA	2015	98	11 (11.2)	(a)	6
2	Fraser et al. [14]	Pennsylvania, USA	2018	615	103 (16.7)	(b) and (c)	6
3	Patel et al. [15]	Vanderbilt, USA	2018	806	38 (4.7)	(b), (c), and (d)	5
4	Zhang et al. [11]	Shanghai, China	2017	474	13 (2.7)	(a) and (e)	5
5	Karnezis et al. [16]	Multicenters of Australia, Canada, and USA	2016	1161	68 (5.9)	(b), (d), and (h)	7
6	Q. Liu et al. [12]	Xuzhou, China	2020	194	25 (12.9)	(a), (d), and (f)	5
7	Tian et al. [13]	Yantai, China	2018	1063	29 (2.7)	(a), (d), (e), (f), and (h)	5
8	Sun et al. [17]	Singapore	2018	123	10 (8.1)	(b)	6
9	Liu et al. [22]	Guangdong, China	2012	397	31 (7.8)	(e) and (f)	5
10	Hannan et al. [18]	Austria	2020	270	24 (9)	(b) and (f)	5
11	Dlouhy et al. [19]	Iowa, USA	2012	96	13 (13.5)	(b), (d), (e), and (f)	6
12	Lee et al. [20]	Los Angeles, USA	2020	78	14 (17.9)	(b), (d), (g), and (h)	6
13	Han et al. [21]	Guangzhou, China	2008	592	26 (4.4)	(b), (e), and (f)	6

Notes: (a) age; (b) BMI; (c) hydrocephalus; (d) tumor size; (e) secondary surgery; (f) intraoperative CSF leaks; (g) operation time; (h) radiation therapy before surgery.