Early Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Risk Factors and Cognitive Functional Levels
Table 1
Risk factor analyses of POCD.
Group N ()
Group M ()
Group S ()
value
Part 1: patients’ baseline data
Female, (%)
18 (25.8)
26 (37.1)
26 (37.1)
0.245
Age (year)
0.970
BMI (kg/m2)
0.264
SBP (mmHg)
0.404
DBP (mmHg)
0.928
Hemoglobin (g/l)
0.429
MoCA score
ab
ac
bc
≤0.001
ESR, mm/h (range)
11.00 (7.75, 14.50)
12.50 (9.00, 16.75)
14.00 (9.50, 17.00)
0.326
CRP, mg/l (range)
2.10 (1.47, 4.37)
2.65 (1.32, 4.55)
3.00 (1.95, 4.20)
0.701
Hemameba (109/l)
0.806
Neutrophils (109/l)
0.487
Arrhythmia, (%)
1 (16.7)
3 (50)
2 (33.3)
0.795
Hypertension, (%)
15 (36.6)
14 (34.1)
12 (29.3)
0.409
Diabetes, (%)
3 (27.3)
5 (45.5)
3 (27.3)
0.924
CHD, (%)
2 (33.3)
3 (50.0)
1 (16.7)
0.765
Stroke, (%)
1 (12.5)
3 (37.5)
4 (50.0)
0.479
Digestive system disease, (%)
2 (33.3)
3 (50.0)
1 (16.7)
0.765
ASAI, (%)
14 (27.5)
20 (39.2)
17 (33.3)
0.994
II, (%)
13 (30.2)
17 (39.5)
13 (30.2)
III, (%)
3 (33.3)
3 (33.3)
3 (33.3)
Part 2: intraoperative blood pressure
Intraoperative SBP, mmHg (range)
110.00 (100.00, 120.00)
110.00 (100.00, 130.00)
110.00 (100.00, 120.00)
0.244
Intraoperative DBP, mmHg (range)
65.00 (60.00, 71.25)
65.00 (60.00, 77.50)
65.00 (60.00, 70.00)
0.444
L-SBP, mmHg (range)
100.00 (83.75, 102.75)
100.00 (90.00, 113.75)
90.00 (80.00, 100.00)
0.083
M-SBP, % (range)
20.00 (4.50, 29.25)
17.00 (7.00, 26.00)
24.00 (13.00, 29.00)
0.169
M-DBP, % (range)
22.50 (13.00, 35.00)
23.00 (9.25, 28.50)
27.00 (16.00, 31.50)
0.381
Part 3: hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (T2) (g/l)
0.528
Hemoglobin (T3) (g/l)
de
d
e
0.039
Part 4: inflammatory indicators
Postoperative ESR (mm/h)
0.066
Postoperative CRP (mg/l)
fg
f
g
0.041
Leukocytes, 109/l (T2)
9.34 (7.03, 11.34)
8.62 (7.74, 11,00)
8.99 (7.64, 11.16)
0.941
Leukocytes, 109/l (T3)
6.14 (5.40, 7.45)
6.15 (5.34, 7.36)
6.63 (5.22, 7.40)
0.724
Neutrophils, 109/l (T2)
6.54 (5.31, 9.13)
6.77 (5.31, 9.23)
7.32 (6.00, 9.20)
0.772
Neutrophils, 109/l (T3)
4.46 (3.52, 5.51)
4.50 (3.81, 5.51)
4.45 (3.23, 5.78)
0.877
Part 5: postoperative pain
Pain (T2)
Mild, (%)
14 (46.7)
10 (33.3)
6 (20.0)
0.009
Moderate, (%)
14 (26.4)
24 (45.3)
15 (28.3)
Severe, (%)
2 (10.0)
6 (30.0)
12 (60.0)
Pain (T3)
Mild, (%)
27 (31.4)
35 (40.7)
24 (27.9)
0.160
Moderate, (%)
3 (18.8)
4 (25.0)
9 (56.3)
Severe, (%)
0 (0.0)
1 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
Part 6: surgical information
Surgery duration, min
0.288
Tourniquets
Short time, (%)
27 (32.1)
31 (36.9)
26 (31.0)
0.363
Long time, (%)
3 (15.8)
9 (47.4)
7 (36.8)
Second surgery
No, (%)
26 (32.5)
29 (36.3)
25 (31.3)
0.352
Yes, (%)
4 (17.4)
11 (47.8)
8 (34.8)
Values are , numbers (%), or medians and ranges. Abbreviations: CRP: C-reactive protein; CHD: coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; BMI: body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; L-SBP: lowest systolic blood pressure; M-SBP: magnitude of blood pressure reduction in systolic blood pressure; M-DBP: magnitude of blood pressure reduction in diastolic blood pressure. aGroup N vs. group M, .bGroup N vs. group S, .cGroup M vs. group S, .dGroup N vs. group M, .eGroup N vs. group S, .fGroup N vs. group M, .gGroup N vs. group S, .,.
