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| Author | Application | Cases | Scanning | Software | Material | Process | Main results |
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| Melville et al. [127] | Surgery guide and fixation plate in maxillary reconstruction | 1 | MRI; CBCT | ProPlan (Materialise, USA) | Titanium; polyamide | SLS; FDM | Precisely correspond to the surgical defect
Ideally restore the maxilla and midface
Shorten operative time |
| Takano et al. [128] | Maxillary reconstruction | 1 | CT | Mimics (Materialize, Belgium) | Titanium | 3D printing (Stratasys, USA) | Improve safety Shorten surgery time
Achieve good function and esthetic outcomes |
| Abo Sharkh et al. [129] | Cutting guides and jaw models in maxillofacial reconstruction | 19 | CT | 3DSlicer (NIH, USA)
Meshmixer (Autodesk, USA) | Resin | SLA (Formlabs, USA)
FDM (QiDi, China) | The average time for VSP and fabrication of cutting guides was 158 minutes
The average cost was $18.01 Canadian dollars |
| Shaheen et al. [132] | Occlusal splints in orthognathic surgery | 20 | CT (Siemens, Germany)
Optical scanner (SmartOptics, Germany)
CBCT (Planmeca, Finland) | ProPlan (Materialise, Belgium)
3-matic (Materialise, Belgium) | Biocompatible material (MED610) | SLA (Objet Connex 350, Stratasys, USA) | The mean absolute distance error was 0.4 mm |
| Dumrongwongsiri et al. [133] | Spacers in orthognathic surgery | 12 | CBCT | 3-matic (Materialise, Belgium) | Biocompatible material (MED610) | 3D printing (Stratasys, USA) | Mean preoperative visual analogue scale score was improved by 47.82%
Mean facial surface area discrepancy index was corrected by 3.16% |
| Zhang et al. [134] | Mandibular models and surgical templates in orthognathic surgery and mandibular contour osteoplasty | 10 | CBCT | Mimics (Materialise, Belgium) | Plastic | 3D printing (Objet Eden 250, Israel) | The right gonial angle was improved from 128.20° to 120.35°
The left gonial angle was improved from 129.91° to 120.74° |
| Shaheen et al. [135] | Splints in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery | 20 | CT (Siemens, Germany)
CBCT (Planmeca, Finland)
Intraoral scan (3Shape, Denmark) | ProPlan (Materialise, Belgium)
3-matic (Materialise, Belgium) | Biocompatible material | 3D printing (Objet Connex 350, Stratasys, USA) | 95% of 3D-printed splints were clinically accepted |
| Heufelder et al. [136] | Surgical guides and implants in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery | 22 | CT (Siemens, Germany)
Optical scan | ProPlan (Materialise, Belgium) | Not mentioned | SLM | The median deviation of the maxilla position was 0.39 mm between the preoperative plan and surgical result
The accuracy of left-right, up-down, and anterior-posterior positioning was 0.3 mm,0.33 mm, and 0.7mm, respectively |
| Li et al. [137] | Cutting guides and fixation plates in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery | 10 | CT (GE Healthcare, USA)
Optical scan (SmartOptics AS, Germany) | ProPlan (Materialise, Belgium)
Geomagic Studio (Geomagic, USA) | Ti6Al4V; photosensitive resin | EBM (Arcam AB, Sweden)
SLS (3D system, USA) | Achieve good final occlusion
The median surgical time was 160 minutes
Postoperative nerve parenthesis was recovered with 2-3 months |
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