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| Author | Application | Cases | Scanning | Software | Material | Process | Main results |
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| Fonseca Tavares et al. [181] | Guided root canal access | 2 | CBCT | Simplant (Materialise, Belgium) | Not mentioned | 3D printing (Objet Eden 260v, Stratasys, USA) | The calcified root canals of central incisors were successfully accessed
After 15- or 30-day follow-up, the two patients were asymptomatic |
| Maia et al. [182] | Guided root canal access | 3 | CBCT (i-CAT Classic, Brazil)
Intraoral scanner (3Shape, Denmark) | coDiagnostiX (Dental Wings GmbH, Germany)
Simplant (Materialise, Belgium) | Not mentioned | 3D printing (Objet Eden260v, Stratasys, USA) | The calcified root canals were successfully accessed
After 12 months, the periapical tissue was completely healed |
| Lara-Mendes et al. [183] | Guided root canal access | 1 | CBCT (i-CAT, PA) | Simplant (Materialise, Belgium) | Not mentioned | 3D printing (Objet Eden 260v, USA) | The calcified root canals of tooth 27 and 28 were rapidly accessed
After 3 months, the periapical lesions were reduced |
| Connert et al. [184] | Microguided endodontics | 1 | CBCT (Accuitomo 80, USA) | coDiagnostiXTM (Dental Wings Inc., Canada) | Note mentioned | 3D printing (Objet Eden260v, Stratasys, USA) | The obliterated root canal of tooth 31 and 41 was precisely accessed |
| Torres et al. [185] | Microguided endodontics | 1 | CBCT (New Tom VGi evo, Italy) | 3-matic (Materialise, Belgium) | Biocompatible material (MED 610) | 3D printing (Objet Connex 350, Stratasys, USA) | The obliterated root canal of tooth 22 was precisely accessed
The apical area was completely healed after 6-month follow-up |
| Antal et al. [188] | Root-end resection guide | 11 | CBCT (i-CAT Next Generation, USA) | SMARTGuide (DicomLAB Dental, Hungary) | Metal | SLA (ProJet MD 3510, 3D system, USA) | The median angular deviation was 3.95°
The mean apex removal and osteotomy depth error were 0.19 mm and 0.37 mm separately |
| Ye et al. [189] | Periapical surgery guide | 1 | CBCT (i-CAT 17-19, USA) | Simplant (Materialise, Belgium) | Not mentioned | 3D printing (3510SD, 3D system, USA) | The root ends were resected accurately
The patient was asymptomatic after 6 months |
| Giacomino et al. [190] | Osteotomy and root-end resection guide | 3 | CBCT (3D Accuitomo 170, CA) | Mimics (Materialise, Belgium)
Blue Sky Plan (Blue Sky Bio, USA) | Not mentioned | 3D printing (Objet 260 Connex 3, USA) | All patients were asymptomatic after 1 month or 3 months |
| Popowicz et al. [191] | Root-end resection guide | 2 | CBCT (CS8100, Carestream Dental, USA) | DDS-Pro (Natrodent Polska, Poland) | Polylactide | 3D printing (Prusa i3 MK2S, Czech) | The patients were asymptomatic at a 7- or 8-month follow-up visit
Radiologic assessment showed complete healing with a radiodense area around the apex |
| Ahn et al. [192] | Periapical surgery guide | 1 | CBCT (Alphrad 3030, Japan) | OnDemand3D (Cybermed, Korea) | Biocompatible clear resin | 3D printing (Object Eden 260v, Stratasys, USA) | No postoperative complications were reported |
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