Clinical Outcomes of Cannulated Screws versus Ring Pin versus K-Wire with Tension Band Fixation Techniques in the Treatment of Transverse Patellar Fractures: A Case-Control Study with Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up

Table 2

Clinical and functional outcomes, stratified by fixation type.

Characteristics	KTB ()	CSTB ()	RPTB ()	value
Duration of operation				0.615
Intraoperative blood loss				0.411
Mean healing time (months)	^#			0.081
VAS	^¶		^¶	<0.001
ROM	^&		^&	<0.001
Böstman score				0.037
28-30	21 (30.0%)	29 (96.7%)	26 (86.7%)
20-27	5 (16.7%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)
<20	4 (13.3%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
Iowa knee score				0.023
90-100	17 (56.7%)	28 (93.3%)	23 (76.7%)
80-89	6 (20.0%)	2 (6.7%)	4 (13.3%)
70-79	4 (13.3%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (6.7%)
<70	3 (10.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
Modified Lysholm rating scale		^^	^^	0.004
Postoperative complications
Fixation failure	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	1 (3.3%)	0.174
Implant breakage or loosening	13 (43.3%)	3 (10.0%)	5 (16.7%)	0.005
Painful hardware	11 (36.7%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	0.001
Infection	3 (10.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.3%)	0.108
Skin breakdown	1 (3.3%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0.330

KTB: K-wire with tension band; CSTB: cannulated screws with tension band; CPTB: cable pin with tension band; VAS: visual analog scale; ROM: range of motion. Values are presented as the number (%). Duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, mean healing time, VAS, ROM, and modified Lysholm rating scale are presented as the . , statistical significance. ^#Significant differences in statistics compared with CSTB group (). ^¶Significant differences in statistics compared with CSTB group (all ). ^&Significant differences in statistics compared with CSTB group (all ). ^{^}Significant differences in statistics compared with KTB group (all ).