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| Variants of concern |
Alpha | Beta | Gamma | Delta | Omicron |
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Pango lineages | B.1.1.7 | B.1.351 B.1.351.2 B.1.351.3 | P.1 P.1.1 P.1.2 | B.1.617.2 AY.1 AY.2 AY.3 | B.1.1.529 BA.1 BA.2 BA.4 BA.5 |
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Epidemiology | Date and place of initial detection | September 2020, UK | May 2020, South Africa | November 2020, Brazil | October 2020, India | November 2021, Botswana |
Date of designation | December 2020 | December 2020 | January 2021 | VOI: April 2021 VOC: May 2021 | VOC: November 2021 |
Global spread | 48% | 7% | 7% | 14% | 43% |
Geographic localization | Worldwide | South Africa | South America | Asia | Worldwide |
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Predominant mutations | N501Y D614G, P681H | K417N, E484K, N501Y D614G | K417T, E484K, N501Y D614G | L452R, E484Q, T478K D614G, P681H | N501, H69-, Y453F, L18, K417, P681, E484, Q677, S477, Y144-, H655, S3675 |
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Phenotypic impacts | Transmissibility | (i) High transmissibility (ii) High rate of secondary attack | (i) High transmissibility | (i) High transmissibility | (i) High transmissibility (ii) High rate of secondary attack (iii) High transmissibility between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals | (i) High transmissibility |
Disease severity | (i) Increased risk of hospitalization (ii) Increased risk of severity (iii) Increased risk of mortality | (i) Increased risk of in-hospital mortality | (i) Possible increased risk of hospitalization | (i) Increased risk of hospitalization | (i) Possible risk of hospitalization |
Risk of reinfection | (i) Neutralizing activity retained (ii) Risk of reinfection remains similar | (i) Reduction in neutralizing activity reported (ii) T cell response remains effective | (i) Moderate reduction in neutralizing activity reported | (i) Reduction in neutralizing activity reported | (i) Reduction in neutralizing activity reported |
Diagnosis | (i) Limited impact—S gene target failure (ii) No impact on overall result from multiple target RT-PCR (iii) No impact on AgRDTs observed | (i) No impact on RT-PCR or AgRDTs observed | (i) None reported to date | (i) None reported to date | (i) S-assay within TaqPath tests gives negative results (ii) No impact on result from multiple target RT-PCR |
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