Advances in Cuffless Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Technology Based on PPG Signals

Table 3

Summary of BP estimation methods based on PTT/PAT/PWV.

Authors	Signals	Position of sensors	Subjects	Results (mmHg)
				SBP	DBP
Viunytskyi et al. [37]	PPG, ECG	Finger, chest	30 records	RMSE: 5.71	RMSE: 5.13
Lazazzera et al. [38]	PPG, PPG	Wrist, finger	subjects	ME: -1.52; STD: 9.45	ME: 0.39; STD: 4.93
Kim et al. [39]	PPG, PPG	Finger, finger	21 subjects
Byfield et al. [40]	PPG, PPG	Finger, finger	26 subjects	MAE: 2.117; STD: 0.257	MAE: 2.935; STD: 0.721
Tabei et al. [41]	PPG, PPG	Finger, finger	6 subjects	MAE: 2.07; STD: 2.06	MAE: 2.12; STD: 1.85
Marzorati et al. [42]	PPG, PCG	Finger, chest	20 subjects	MAE: 3.06	MAE: 1.83
Huynh et al. [43]	PPG, IPG	Finger, wrist	15 subjects	RMSE: 8.47; STD: 0.91	RMSE: 5.02; STD: 0.73
Yousefian et al. [44]	PCD, BCG	Wrist, wrist	22 subjects	MAE: 7.6	MAE: 5.1