In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of the Effects of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy Scaffold Structure on Osteogenic Activity

Figure 3

(a–c) Surface morphologies of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold. (d) Surface energy spectrum analysis (EDS) of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold. (e) X-ray diffraction (XRD) of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold.

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