[Retracted] Organizational Silence among Hospital Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Association between participants’ demographic characteristics and organizational silence.
Negative silence
Defensive silence
Prosocial silence
Disregard silence
Total score
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
Age (years)
20–29
15.94
4.98
0.112
15.50
5.63
0.111
11.22
3.64
0.310
8.28
3.18
0.501
50.94
15.07
0.155
30–39
16.41
5.03
15.65
5.74
11.40
3.74
8.20
3.06
51.66
14.86
40–49
16.93
5.53
14.83
5.53
11.57
3.63
8.10
3.58
51.43
15.52
50 and above
18.91
2.95
19.45
4.39
13.18
2.56
9.64
2.62
61.18
10.51
Gender
Female
16.17
4.98
0.425
15.53
5.65
0.259
11.28
3.67
0.079
8.23
3.11
0.167
51.21
14.93
0.158
Male
16.88
5.82
16.67
5.97
12.42
3.46
9.00
4.01
54.97
16.31
Department
Internal department
15.88
4.81
0.156
15.05
5.49
0.017#
10.98
3.65
0.063
8.17
2.94
0.561
50.09
14.63
0.036#
Surgical department
16.18
4.83
15.79
5.44
11.56
3.40
8.31
3.13
51.84
14.00
Department of gynecology
15.80
4.94
15.33
6.17
10.70
3.82
8.23
2.85
50.05
15.13
Department of pediatrics
16.95
4.17
16.22
4.65
11.31
2.68
8.44
2.72
52.92
11.47
Emergency department
17.06
5.54
16.91
6.04a
11.53
4.03
8.43
3.75
53.93
17.00
ICU
17.17
5.42a
16.92
6.08a,f
12.41
4.13a,c
8.80
3.56
55.32
16.38a
Operation
15.46
5.58
14.69
5.75e
11.18
3.50
8.03
3.12
49.36
14.70f
Other
15.63
5.23f
14.62
5.85e,f
11.02
3.83f
7.84
3.20f
49.11
15.92e,f
Educational status
Secondary/technical certificate
13.86
3.24
<0.001#
12.29
3.86
<0.001#
10.71
4.31
0.006#
6.57
3.26
<0.001#
43.43
12.16
<0.001#
Associate’s degree
15.15
4.94
14.29
5.53
10.71
3.69
7.66
3.07
47.81
14.84
Bachelor’s degree
16.60
4.99b1
16.06
5.64b1
11.56
3.66b1
8.4
3.11b1
52.66
14.79a1,b1
Postgraduate
18.14
5.00a1b1
18.32
5.28a1,b1,c1
12.46
2.63b1
10.57
3.13a1,b1,c1
59.50
13.94a1,b1
Professional title
Nurse
15.05
4.86
<0.001#
14.59
5.72
0.013#
10.90
3.73
0.016#
7.94
3.21
0.315
48.49
15.24
<0.001#
Senior nurse
16.23
4.97a2
15.75
5.56a2
11.23
3.70
8.34
3.15
51.55
14.84a2
Nurse in charge
17.25
4.96a2
16.25
5.63a2
11.84
3.43a2
8.37
2.96
53.72
14.33a2
Professor of nursing
17.73
5.48a2
16.37
6.09
12.50
3.76a2
8.73
3.76
55.33
16.18a2
Years of working
<1
14.13
4.18
0.003#
14.05
5.516
0.201
9.81
3.61
0.014#
7.70
2.95
0.454
45.69
13.92
0.032#
1–5
15.91
4.91a3
15.65
5.59a3
11.48
3.66a3
8.37
3.19
51.40
15.03a3
6–10
16.59
5.20a3
15.93
5.82a3
11.43
3.62a3
8.39
3.16
52.34
15.21a3
11–15
16.75
4.79a3
15.39
5.38
11.22
3.67a3
8.09
3.08
51.44
14.22a3
>15
16.74
5.24a3
15.48
5.77
11.65
3.69a3
8.02
3.18
51.89
15.19a3
Personnel management
On the regular payroll
16.95
4.80
0.037#
16.05
5.21
0.244
11.68
3.24
0.148
8.87
3.09
0.007#
53.54
13.78
0.043#
In contract system
16.03
5.05
15.47
5.76
11.25
3.75
8.12
3.15
50.87
15.21
The differences according to department: ainternal department, bsurgical department, cdepartment of gynecology, ddepartment of pediatrics, eemergency department, fICU, goperation, and hother. The differences according to level of education: a1secondary technical certificate, b1associate’s degree, c1bachelor’s degree, and d1postgraduate. The differences according to employment status: a2nurse, b2senior nurse, c2nurse in charge, and d2professor of nursing. The differences according to years of employment: a3<1, b31–5, c36–10, d311–15, and e3>15. values of Student’s -test; # values of one-way ANOVA.