[Retracted] Organizational Silence among Hospital Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Association between participants’ demographic characteristics and organizational silence.

	Negative silence			Defensive silence			Prosocial silence			Disregard silence			Total score
	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD		M	SD		M	SD
Age (years)
20–29	15.94	4.98	0.112	15.50	5.63	0.111	11.22	3.64	0.310	8.28	3.18	0.501	50.94	15.07	0.155
30–39	16.41	5.03		15.65	5.74		11.40	3.74		8.20	3.06		51.66	14.86
40–49	16.93	5.53		14.83	5.53		11.57	3.63		8.10	3.58		51.43	15.52
50 and above	18.91	2.95		19.45	4.39		13.18	2.56		9.64	2.62		61.18	10.51
Gender
Female	16.17	4.98	0.425	15.53	5.65	0.259	11.28	3.67	0.079	8.23	3.11	0.167	51.21	14.93	0.158
Male	16.88	5.82		16.67	5.97		12.42	3.46		9.00	4.01		54.97	16.31
Department
Internal department	15.88	4.81	0.156	15.05	5.49	0.017^#	10.98	3.65	0.063	8.17	2.94	0.561	50.09	14.63	0.036^#
Surgical department	16.18	4.83		15.79	5.44		11.56	3.40		8.31	3.13		51.84	14.00
Department of gynecology	15.80	4.94		15.33	6.17		10.70	3.82		8.23	2.85		50.05	15.13
Department of pediatrics	16.95	4.17		16.22	4.65		11.31	2.68		8.44	2.72		52.92	11.47
Emergency department	17.06	5.54		16.91	6.04^a		11.53	4.03		8.43	3.75		53.93	17.00
ICU	17.17	5.42^a		16.92	6.08^a,f		12.41	4.13^a,c		8.80	3.56		55.32	16.38^a
Operation	15.46	5.58		14.69	5.75^e		11.18	3.50		8.03	3.12		49.36	14.70^f
Other	15.63	5.23^f		14.62	5.85^e,f		11.02	3.83^f		7.84	3.20^f		49.11	15.92^e,f
Educational status
Secondary/technical certificate	13.86	3.24	<0.001^#	12.29	3.86	<0.001^#	10.71	4.31	0.006^#	6.57	3.26	<0.001^#	43.43	12.16	<0.001^#
Associate’s degree	15.15	4.94		14.29	5.53		10.71	3.69		7.66	3.07		47.81	14.84
Bachelor’s degree	16.60	4.99^b1		16.06	5.64^b1		11.56	3.66^b1		8.4	3.11^b1		52.66	14.79^a1,b1
Postgraduate	18.14	5.00^a1b1		18.32	5.28^a1,b1,c1		12.46	2.63^b1		10.57	3.13^a1,b1,c1		59.50	13.94^a1,b1
Professional title
Nurse	15.05	4.86	<0.001^#	14.59	5.72	0.013^#	10.90	3.73	0.016^#	7.94	3.21	0.315	48.49	15.24	<0.001^#
Senior nurse	16.23	4.97^a2		15.75	5.56^a2		11.23	3.70		8.34	3.15		51.55	14.84^a2
Nurse in charge	17.25	4.96^a2		16.25	5.63^a2		11.84	3.43^a2		8.37	2.96		53.72	14.33^a2
Professor of nursing	17.73	5.48^a2		16.37	6.09		12.50	3.76^a2		8.73	3.76		55.33	16.18^a2
Years of working
<1	14.13	4.18	0.003^#	14.05	5.516	0.201	9.81	3.61	0.014^#	7.70	2.95	0.454	45.69	13.92	0.032^#
1–5	15.91	4.91^a3		15.65	5.59^a3		11.48	3.66^a3		8.37	3.19		51.40	15.03^a3
6–10	16.59	5.20^a3		15.93	5.82^a3		11.43	3.62^a3		8.39	3.16		52.34	15.21^a3
11–15	16.75	4.79^a3		15.39	5.38		11.22	3.67^a3		8.09	3.08		51.44	14.22^a3
>15	16.74	5.24^a3		15.48	5.77		11.65	3.69^a3		8.02	3.18		51.89	15.19^a3
Personnel management
On the regular payroll	16.95	4.80	0.037^#	16.05	5.21	0.244	11.68	3.24	0.148	8.87	3.09	0.007^#	53.54	13.78	0.043^#
In contract system	16.03	5.05		15.47	5.76		11.25	3.75		8.12	3.15		50.87	15.21

The differences according to department: ^ainternal department, ^bsurgical department, ^cdepartment of gynecology, ^ddepartment of pediatrics, ^eemergency department, ^fICU, ^goperation, and ^hother. The differences according to level of education: ^a1secondary technical certificate, ^b1associate’s degree, ^c1bachelor’s degree, and ^d1postgraduate. The differences according to employment status: ^a2nurse, ^b2senior nurse, ^c2nurse in charge, and ^d2professor of nursing. The differences according to years of employment: ^a3<1, ^b31–5, ^c36–10, ^d311–15, and ^e3>15. values of Student’s -test; ^# values of one-way ANOVA.