Standard treatment plus umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell infusion vs. standard treatment
cells/kg of MSCs suspended in 100 mL of normal saline
CRP and IL-6 levels were significantly lower from day 3 of infusion, the time for the lymphocyte count to return to the normal range was significantly faster, and lung inflammation absorption was significantly shorter on CT imaging in the hUC-MSC group than in the control group.
MSC transplantation along with comprehensive treatment vs. comprehensive treatment only
Three infusions totaling MSCs every other day (day 1, day 3, and day 5). Each infusion contained cells resuspended in 500 mL saline solution
There was a significant improvement in dyspnea while undergoing MSC infusion on days 1, 3, and 5. Additionally, SpO2 was significantly improved following MSC infusion, and chest imaging results were improved in the experimental group in the first month after MSC infusion.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells along with standard treatment vs. standard treatment
cells/kg of MSCs suspended in 100 mL of normal saline
Intravenous transplantation of hUC-MSCs accelerated partial pulmonary function recovery and improved HRQL, indicating relative safety and preliminary efficacy of this treatment for patients with severe COVID-19
UC-MSC at dose cells per infusion on day, 0, 3 and 6 vs. placebo
UC-MSC administration was safe and well tolerated and exerted a trend of improvement in whole lung lesion and significantly increased the resolution of lung solid component lesions compared with the placebo.
Exosomes (ExoFlo) derived from allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
15 mL of ExoFlo was added to 100 mL of normal saline
Laboratory values revealed mean reduction by 32% in neutrophil count, average CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts increasing by 46%, 45%, and 46%, respectively. Likewise, acute phase reactants declined, with mean C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer reduction of 77%, 43%, and 42%, respectively.
Allogenic hUCMSCs given 3 times ( cells each time) with a 3-day interval at days 13, 16, and 19, together with thymosin a1 and antibiotics daily injection
After these treatments, most of the laboratory indexes and CT images showed remission of the inflammation symptoms. The counts of CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell remarkably increased to the normal level, indicating the reversal of lymphopenia.
One million MSCs/kg body weight was infused over 30 minutes, and the process was repeated in 3 patients twice and in 2 patients 3 times
The MSC group had a significantly higher Horovitz score of healthy lungs on discharge than the control group. Compared to controls, patients with MSC treatment showed a significantly lower Murray score of lung injury upon discharge than controls.
Convalescent plasma and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
MSCs along with covalescent plasma
Intravenous infusion of CP and MSCs for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients may have synergistic characteristics in inhibiting cytokine storm, promoting the repair of lung injury, and recovering pulmonary function
Subjects in the UC-MSC treatment group received two intravenous infusions of UC-MSCs each, in 50 mL vehicle solution containing human serum albumin and heparin.
UC-MSC treatment was associated with a significant reduction in serious adverse events, mortality, and time to recovery, compared with controls. Treatment was associated with significantly improved patient survival (91% vs. 42%)
The fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) gradually decreased while the oxygen saturation (SaO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) improved. Additionally, the patients’ chest computed tomography showed that bilateral lung exudate lesions were adsorbed after MSC infusion.
Human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells
cells per kilogram of weight of MSC
The percentage and counts of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell) were increased, and the level of IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein is significantly decreased after hWJC treatment.
UC-MSCs of cells once. The patients would receive four rounds of transplantation in total, with one-day intervals in between.
Oxygenation index was improved, radiological presentations (ground glass opacity) were improved and the lymphocyte count and lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells) count showed recovery after transplantation.
The conventional treatment: piperacillin-tazobactam, favipiravir, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, enoxaparine. Experimental group were administered cell/kg MSC by intravenous infusion.
Conventional treatment with add-on MSC transplantation brought the cytokine storm under control and attenuate disease progression. MSC mediated growth and differentiation decreased the harm too, and accelerated the recovery of damaged organs resulting in reduced mortality, decreased ICU stay, and a promising safety profile.
cells/kg of MSCs along with conventional therapy vs. conventional therapy
The MSC-treated group demonstrated improved oxygenation index, reduction in the area of pulmonary inflammation, restoration of CT number in the inflamed area along with decreased IgM levels.
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell
3 cycles of intravenous infusion of UC-MSCs ( cells per infusion) on days 0, 3, and 6 for treatment group along with standard COVID treatment regimens vs. standard treatment regimens only
Intravenous UC-MSCs infusion in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 was safe and well tolerated
UC-MSC recipients develop significantly increased levels of plasma sTNFR2 and significantly decreased levels of TNFα and TNFβ, compared to controls indicating decrease of inflammation
USB-MSCs per kilogram of the patient’s weight infused intravenously every 48 hours, with a total of five-time infusion.
USB-MSCs infusion, lymphocytes increased, and renal function improved, as well as pulmonary static compliance increased significantly and PaO2/FiO2 ratio maintained stable.
106 cells/kg of bone marrow-derived MSC on days 9, 12, and 16 days of hospitalization
MSC administration resulted in a reduction in leukocyte count, D-dimer levels, and CRP-levels, all of which are prognostic factors for COVID-19 severity.
