Ethnopharmacological Potential of Phytochemicals and Phytogenic Products against Human RNA Viral Diseases as Preventive Therapeutics

Table 2

List of phytochemicals acting against various targets of SARS-CoV-2.

Sl no.	Phytochemical	Class of phytochemical	Targets	Reference
1.	Fisetin	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein like hACE2-S	[58]
2.	Quercetin	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein	[58]
3.	Dithymoquinone	Terpene	Inhibits spike glycoprotein-ACE2 interface	[59]
4.	Glycyrrhizic acid	Saponin	Binds with spike protein RBD-ACE2	[60, 61]
5.	Hesperidin	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein ACE2	[62]
6.	Emodin	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein ACE2	[62]
7.	Carvacrol	Phenol	Interacts with spike protein ACE2	[59]
8.	Rhein	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein ACE2	[62]
9.	Kaempferol	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein hACE2-S	[58]
10.	Cinnamaldehyde	Flavonoid	Interacts with spike protein ACE2	[59]
11.	Cinnamyl acetate	Styrene	Interacts with spike protein ACE2	[59]
12.	Chrysin	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein ACE2	[62]
13.	Anthraquinone	Flavonoid	Bind with spike protein ACE2	[62]
14.	Anethole	Flavonoid	Interacts with spike protein ACE2	[59]
15.	Geraniol	Terpene	Interacts with spike protein ACE2	[59]
16.	L-4-terpineol	Terpene	Interacts with spike protein ACE2	[59]
17.	Andrographolide	Terpenoid	Inhibits M^pro protease	[63]
18.	Withanoside V		Inhibits M^pro protease	[64]
19.	Somniferine		Inhibits M^pro protease	[64]
20.	Epigallocatechin gallate	Phenol	Inhibits M^pro protease	[65]
21.	Gallocatechin-3-gallate	Phenol	Inhibits M^pro protease	[65]
22.	Tinocordiside		Inhibits M^pro protease	[64]
23.	Vicenin		Inhibits M^pro protease	[64]
24.	Isorientin		Inhibits M^pro protease	[64]
25.	Berbamine		Targets on spike protein ACE2	[66]
26.	Castanospermine		Reduced viral RNA	[67]
27.	Epicatechin gallate	Phenol	Inhibits M^pro protease	[65]