Ethnopharmacological Potential of Phytochemicals and Phytogenic Products against Human RNA Viral Diseases as Preventive Therapeutics

Table 3

Lists of phytochemicals against RNA viruses causing human diseases.

RNA type	Name of viruses	Family	Therapeutic phytochemicals	Reference
Positive-sense ssRNA	Dengue virus	Flaviviridae	Flavonoid, alkaloid, phenol, and coumarins	[73, 74]
	Hepatitis C virus	Flaviviridae	Flavonoid, alkaloid, lignan, terpenes, and terpenoids	[75, 76]
	Japanese encephalitis virus	Flaviviridae	Flavonoid	[77]
	Zika virus	Flaviviridae	Flavonoid	[78]
	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)	Coronaviridae	Flavonoid (luteolin, curcumin, myricetin, quercetin), anthraquinone (emodin)	[51]
	Chikungunya virus	Togaviridae	Flavonoid, terpenes, coumarins, and terpenoids	[73, 76, 79]
	Coxsackievirus	Picornaviridae	Flavonoids	[80]
	Hepatitis A virus	Picornaviridae	Flavonoids and alkaloids	[81]
	Enterovirus	Picornaviridae	Flavonoids	[74]
	Human immunodeficiency virus	Retroviridae	Terpenes and terpenoid lignan, and coumarin	[82, 83]
Negative-sense ssRNA	Respiratory syncytial virus	Paramyxoviridae	Lignan	[84]
	Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus	Rhabdoviridae	Coumarin	[85]
	Influenza virus (H3N2, H5N2, H5N1, H1N1)	Orthomyxoviridae	Flavonoid, alkaloid, lignan, coumarin, terpenes, and terpenoid	[86, 87]