|
| Cell source | Intervention (s) | Outcome | Author (year) |
|
| MSCs | Cultured in biomicrofluidic cell culture device | Induced hepatic differentiation of SCs efficiently with significantly higher urea production | [30] |
| MSCs | Cocultured with AML12 hepatocytes | 2-fold increase in ALB expression
2.5-fold increase in CK-18 expression | [8] |
| MSCs | Treated with valproic acid and cultured on 3D collagen scaffold | VPA-treatment cells within the 3D collagen scaffold significantly enhanced glycogen storage. Also, expression of hepatic genes: CK-18, AFP, and proteins: AFP and ALB. | [19] |
| BMSCs | Cultured with murine fetal liver cells (FLCs) and HGF in laminin coated dishes | Differentiated cells expressed ALB, AFP, and CK-19 | [13] |
| BMSCs | Sequential differentiation protocol | More pronounced differentiation of SCs into functional hepatocytes | [32] |
| BMSCs | Cultured with liver tissue homogenate | Produced hepatocyte-like morphological characteristics, AFP expression, increasing of both urea, and ALB levels | [28] |
| BMSCs | Treated with DLL4 | Restored damaged liver by enhancing cholangiocyte differentiation from BMSCs | [25] |
| BMMSCs or UMSCs | Treated with HGF and oncostatin M | Produced ALB, glycogen storage, urea secretion, uptake of LDL, and phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450 activity
Generated functional hepatocytes | [23] |
| BMMSCs | Cocultured with liver cells | Strongly expressed ALB, AFP, and CK-18 in mRNA and protein level | [29] |
| BMMSCs | Cocultured with liver extract | Expressed hepatic specific marker genes including AFP, CK-18, and HNFa
Differentiated cells were able to detoxify ammonia into urea, store glycogen, and synthesize glucose | [27] |
| BMMSCs | Indirect coculture system | Enhanced the differentiation efficacy of SCs, upregulation of hepatic-specific markers (ALB, and AFP), enhanced glycogen storage, and improved LDL uptake | [36] |
| BMMSCs | CCl4 induced liver injured mice serum | Marked increase in hepatic characteristics: High level of glycogen storage and urea production, expression of hepatic markers (ALB, CK-8, CK-18, and CK-19). | [51] |
| HSCs | Cocultured with injured liver cells | Expression of CK-18, HNF4, ALB, and CK-19 | [42] |
| WJMSCs | Injured hepatocyte cocultured with WJMSCs pretreated with Vit E | Reduced ALT, ALP, and mRNA level of Cyp2e1, Hif1-α, and IL-1β to normal level | [14] |
| LSCs | Cocultured with hepatic stellate cells | Enhanced the functional differentiation into mature hepatic cells | [5] |
| PMSCs | Cultured with liver cells on 3D scaffold | Increased secretion of ALB and urea increased activity of CYP 1A2, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, | [4] |
| PDSCs | Treated with Ginsenosides | Expressed several hepatocyte specific markers: HNF1α, HNF4α, and ALB
Greater hepatogenic differentiation | [20] |
| MaGSCs | Cocultured with stromal cells | Generated high numbers of mature and functional hepatocytes | [12] |
| PSCs | Cultured on human liver progenitor HepaRG-derived acellular matrix (ACM) | Promoted further hepatic differentiation of PSCs into hepatocytes | [26] |
| hPSCs | Use of tank bioreactor with 150 ml working volume of physiological oxygen concentrations | Generated functional hepatocytes, which expressing liver-specific marker gene | [37] |
| MenSCs | Cocultured with stellate cells | Increasing in ALB and CK-18 expression | [9] |
| ASCs | Combination of HGF, Dex, and OSM in the presence or absence of IGF-I | IGF-I generated more functional hepatocyte-like cells | [22] |
| FLCs | Cultured on 3D scaffold | Significantly induced hepatic cells differentiation | [15] |
| AECs | Treated with synthesized isorhamnetin | ALB was upregulated. Increasing in CYP enzyme mRNA levels, ICG uptake and release, glycogen storage activity, and urea secretion | [18] |
| ESCs | Activin AFGF-4BMP-2 | The differentiated cells exhibit characteristics of mature hepatocytes | [21] |
| ESCs | Cocultured with mesoderm-derived cell line (M15) and FGF | Could induce efficient differentiation | [11] |
| ESCs | Lentiviral vector, containing the fetoprotein promoter driving enhanced green fluorescent protein expression (AFP:eGFP) | Generated mature hepatocytes | [53] |
| ESCs | Cocultured with hepatic cells (HepG2) | Increased in the expression of liver genes: ALB, AFP, and G6P
Enhanced efficient of SCs differentiation | [10] |
| ESCs | Stepwise cell differentiation protocol | Produced functional hepatocytes expressing: CK8, CK18, CK19, AFP, and ALB | [47] |
| ESCs | Membrane substratum stably expressing laminin-511 | Expressing mature hepatocyte markers and secretion of a high levels of albumin | [17] |
| ESCs | Cultured on 3D scaffold | Upregulated hepatic gene expression, ammonia metabolism activity, ALB production, increasing in drug-induced cytochrome P450 gene expression.
Induction of more functional maturation in hESC-derived hepatic cells | [6] |
| ESCs | Activin A, FGF-2; FGF-4, BMP2, FGF-10, HGF 4, and EGF | Produced viable cells with hepatocyte morphology, expression of alpha-antitrypsin, CK-8 and LDL receptor, producing ALB and ALT | [54] |
| ESCs | Cultured with calcium silicate extracts | Promote hepatic differentiation of human ESCs | [24] |
| ELCs | Cultured on biodegradable and polymeric membranes | Promoted expansion and functional differentiation of ELCs into hepatocytes | [7] |
| ESCs line (ORMES-6) | Cultured in optimal culture condition | Produced hepatocyte-like cells that expressed ALB, AFP, HNF 3, G6-P, and cytochrome P450 genes and proteins | [34] |
| iPSc | Stepwise protocol | Could efficiently differentiate SCs into hepatocytes | [33] |
| iPSCs | Two-step protocol | Efficiently generated highly matured hepatocytes | [35] |
| iPSCs | Cultured on matrigel | Produced functional hepatocytes | [50] |
| iPSCs | Hepatic differentiation media | It could efficiently generate functional hepatocytes | [55] |
| iPSCs | Driving of mir122 (a liver specific microRNA) | Shortened the differentiation time | [48] |
| PSCs | Six consecutive differentiation steps protocol | Hepatocyte-like cells that express characteristic hepatocyte enzymes | [31] |
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