Ciprofol: A Novel Alternative to Propofol in Clinical Intravenous Anesthesia?

Table 3

Comparison of sedative/anesthetic pharmacodynamics between ciprofol and propofol.

Clinical trials	Phase	Number enrolled	Groups	Dose (mg/kg)			(min)			(min)			Sedation satisfaction score
					Median (min, max)			Median (min, max)			Median (min, max)			Median (min, max)
Phase I clinical study in healthy subjects [23]	I	8	Ciprofol (iv, 1 mg/kg/h for for 3.5 h)		—	—		—	0.917		—	0.463		—	0.041
		8	Propofol (iv, 5 mg/kg/h for for 3.5 h)
Anesthesia/sedation in patients undergoing colonoscopy [24]	IIa	10	Ciprofol (iv, 0.4 mg/kg)	—	—	—		—	>0.05	^a	—	<0.05		—
		10	Ciprofol (iv, 0.5 mg/kg)							^a
		10	Propofol (iv, 2 mg/kg)							^a
	IIb	31	Ciprofol (iv, 0.4 mg/kg)	—	—	—		—	>0.05	^a	—	—		—	<0.05
		32	Ciprofol (iv, 0.5 mg/kg)							^a
		31	Propofol (iv, 2 mg/kg)							^a
Induction of deep sedation during gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures [25]	III	144	Ciprofol (iv, 0.4 mg/kg)	—	—	—		—	0.405		—	<0.001		—	0.001
		145	Propofol (iv, 1.5 mg/kg)
Anesthesia/sedation in patients undergoing fiber-optic bronchoscopy [26]	III	134	Ciprofol (iv, 0.4 mg/kg)	—	26.75 (14.75, 79.50)	<0.001	—	1.00 (0.50, 3.50)	0.059	—	8.50 (0.10, 27.90)	0.012	—	10 (6, 10)	0.341
		133	Propofol (iv, 2 mg/kg)		142.00 (26.75, 549.00)			1.00 (0.45, 8.00)			6.00 (0.00, 29.00)			10 (4, 10)
Induction/maintenance of general anesthesia in elective surgery [27, 28]	II	30	Ciprofol (iv, for 6 patients and 0.8 mg/kg/h for 24 patients)	—	—	—		—	0.840^c		—	0.575^c	^d; ^e	—	0.024^d; 0.814^e
		10	Propofol (iv, for 2 patients and 6 mg/kg/h for 8 patients)										^d; ^e
		6	Propofol (iv, 2 mg/kg)+ciprofol (iv, 1 mg/kg/h)										^d; ^e
	III	88	Ciprofol (0.4 mg/kg, bolus iv over 30 s)	^b	—	—		—	<0.05	—	—	—		—	0.496
		88	Propofol (2 mg/kg, bolus iv over 30 s)	^b
Sedation in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation [29, 30]	II	26	Ciprofol (iv, 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/h for )	—	0.3 (0.1, 0.5)	<0.001	—	60.0 (52.6, 60.0)	—	—	4.0 (0.0, 29.4)	0.418	—	1.0 (1.0, 2.0)^f	0.521
		13	Propofol (iv, 0.5-1 mg/kg/h for )		1.5 (1.1, 1.6)			60.0 (55.2, 60.0)			4.5 (3.3, 24.6)			1.0 (1.0, 2.0)^f

Notes: ^atime to alert from colonoscope withdrawal; ^btotal dose (mg); ^cciprofol group vs. propofol group; ^dinduction period; ^emaintenance period; ^fnursing score, overall evaluation of adaptive capacity for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation; — indicates the data is not available. Abbreviations: : time to onset of anesthesia/sedation; : time to full alertness or recovery from anesthesia/sedation.