Niosome as an Effective Nanoscale Solution for the Treatment of Microbial Infections

Figure 2

(a) The mouse skin fluorescence photomicrograph was taken by confocal laser scanning microscopy. (b) Percent inflammation reduction in UT-gp, A-T-gp, and OF-gel-T-gp after 48 h and 72 h. (c) Cutibacterium acnes counts in mouse ears for UT-gp, A-T-gp, and OF-gel-T-gp. (d) Digital photographs for histopathological assessment of mouse ears: (i) normal histology of control sample without edema and tissue inflammation, (ii) untreated infected ear with severe dermal necrosis (arrowhead), malpighian layer atrophy, and lymphocytic infiltrate (arrow), (iii) infectious ear treated with Aknemycin® with dermal hemorrhage (arrowhead) and congested blood vessel (arrow), and (iv) normal histology of OF-gel-treated infected ear with basal layer and congested dermal blood vessel (arrow), reprinted with permission from ref. [150]. Abbreviations: UT-gp: untreated group; A-T-gp: Aknemycin®-treated group; OF-gel-T-gp: optimized formula-gel-treated group.

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