Assessment of Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndromes and Multiple Sclerosis
Table 2
Neuropsychological tests used and raw performances for healthy controls and patients. Results are expressed as percentages of controls and patients whose scores were outside the normal range for each cognitive task.
Control ()
Early CIS/RRMS ()
Mean ± SD (range)
%
Mean ± SD (range)
%
PASAT 3 (3 sec correct responses)
(24–60)
0
(17–58)
4.3
PASAT 2 (2 sec correct responses)
(21–55)
0
(14–53)
10.9
FST (complete time/number of correct responses)
(1.70–4.54)
8.7
(1.71–6.12)
8.7
Phonological fluency (number of words in 60 sec)
(21–62)
0
(13–65)
15.2
Semantic fluency (names of animals in 60 sec)
(14–31)
0
(12–32)
2.2
Stroop 1 (name the color print of color words, sec)
(15–35)
0
(13–60)
19.6
Stroop 2 (name the color print of color words, errors)
(0–3)
2.5
(0–2)
0
TMT-A (complete time in sec)
(22–70)
2.5
(16–90)
17.4
TMT-B (complete time in sec)
(43–157)
5
(34–300)
26.1
RAVLT 1 (sum of number of words recalled after each repeat)
(90–145)
5
(77–140)
19.6
RAVLT 2 (total number of words recalled after 40-minute delay)
