Research Article
The Relationship between Training and Mental Health among Caregivers of Individuals with Polytrauma
Table 5
Comparison of supporting emotions training groups on sociodemographics, injury and caregiver characteristics, and mental health outcomes.
| | | N | Training (n = 507) | Significantly different? | | Trained | Not Trained | Training Not Needed | Trained versus Not Trained versus
Training Not Needed | Trained versus Not Trained |
| | CG age (x, SD) | 482 | 46.77 (12.14) | 46.30 (13.32) | 51.14 (11.55) | p = .03 (N = 482) | p = .70 (N = 424) | | CG gender (count, %) | 495 | — | — | — | p = .58 (N = 495) | p = .22 (N = 432) | | Male | — | 36 (16%) | 41 (20%) | 13 (21%) | — | — | | Female | — | 186 (84%) | 169 (80%) | 50 (79%) | — | — | | CG race (count, %) | 507 | — | — | — | p = .06 (N = 507) | p = .03 (N = 441) | | White | — | 169 (75%) | 161 (75%) | 47 (71%) | — | — | | Black | — | 19 (8%) | 19 (9%) | 4 (6%) | — | — | | More than 1 | — | 10 (4%) | 6 (3%) | 1 (2%) | — | — | | Other | — | 17 (8%) | 6 (3%) | 4 (6%) | — | — | | Unknown | — | 11 (5%) | 23 (10%) | 10 (15%) | — | — | | CG marital status (count, %) | 495 | — | — | — | p = .24 (N = 495) | p = .11 (N = 433) | | Married | — | 162 (72%) | 156 (75%) | 45 (73%) | — | — | | Divorced | — | 26 (11%) | 29 (13%) | 8 (13%) | — | — | | Living with partner | — | 6 (3%) | 10 (5%) | 2 (3%) | — | — | | Separated | — | 11 (5%) | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) | — | — | | Widowed | — | 13 (6%) | 5 (2%) | 4 (6%) | — | — | | Never married | — | 6 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 3 (5%) | — | — | | CG education (count, %) | 494 | — | — | — | p = .69 (N = 494) | p = .94 (N = 432) | | Less than HS | — | 3 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 4 (6%) | — | — | | Some HS | — | 8 (4%) | 5 (2%) | 2 (4%) | — | — | | HS graduate/GED | — | 46 (20%) | 41 (20%) | 15 (24%) | — | — | | Vocational school | — | 15 (7%) | 14 (7%) | 5 (8%) | — | — | | Some college | — | 67 (30%) | 57 (27%) | 13 (21%) | — | — | | Associate’s degree | — | 26 (12%) | 25 (12%) | 5 (8%) | — | — | | College degree | — | 40 (18%) | 37 (18%) | 13 (21%) | — | — | | M.S. or doctoral degree | — | 19 (8%) | 25 (12%) | 5 (8%) | — | — | | CG relationship to CR | 507 | — | — | — | p = .01 (N = 507) | p = .03 (N = 441) | | Parent | — | 143 (63%) | 111 (52%) | 47 (71%) | — | — | | Spouse/partner | — | 70 (31%) | 92 (42%) | 13 (20%) | — | — | | Other | — | 13 (6%) | 12 (6%) | 6 (9%) | — | — | | CR months since injury (x, SD) | 470 | 51.06 (23.44) | 50.90 (23.60) | 53.05 (28.00) | p = .83 (N = 470) | p = .95 (N = 411) | | Months of caregiving (x, SD) | 470 | 46.35 (22.96) | 45.47 (23.23) | 45.91 (27.23) | p = .93 (N = 470) | p = .70 (N = 412) | | CR total FIM (x, SD) | 496 | 107.74 (26.06) | 109.92 (23.65) | 113.23 (18.64) | p = .25 (N = 496) | p = .37 (N = 431) | | Intensity of CR needs (count, %) | 507 | — | — | — | p = .00 (N = 507) | p = .12 (N = 441) | | ADLs+ | — | 51 (23%) | 60 (30%) | 5 (8%) | — | — | | Only IADs+ | — | 118 (52%) | 117 (53%) | 30 (45%) | — | — | | No help needed with I/ADLs | — | 57 (25%) | 38 (17%) | 31 (47%) | — | — | | CR injury severity (count, %) | 425 | — | — | — | p = .31 (N = 425) | p = .37 (N = 374) | | Fully conscious | — | 14 (7%) | 17 (9%) | 7 (14%) | — | — | | Unconscious ≤ 30 min | — | 28 (14%) | 35 (20%) | 4 (8%) | — | — | | Unconscious ≥ 30 min, ≤1 week | — | 49 (25%) | 45 (25%) | 13 (25%) | — | — | | Unconscious ≥ 1 week | — | 104 (54%) | 82 (46%) | 27 (53%) | — | — | | CG anxiety | 489 | 47.92 (10.12) | 50.34 (10.63) | 47.04 (11.12) | p = .02 (N = 489) | p = .02 (N = 431) | | CG depression | 489 | 47.10 (9.31) | 50.05 (10.26) | 46.64 (10.91) | p = .00 (N = 489) | p = .00 (N = 431) | | CG self-esteem | 487 | 33.56 (5.02) | 32.32 (5.91) | 33.52 (5.64) | p = .05 (N = 487) | p = .02 (N = 428) | | CG subjective burden | 496 | 11.56 (9.16) | 15.02 (10.86) | 5.33 (10.19) | p = .00 (N = 496) | p = .00 (N = 435) |
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Note: Percentages based on column total. ADLs: activities of daily living; CG: caregiver; CR: care recipient; FIM: Functional Independence Measure; IADLs: instrumental activities of daily living; Min: minutes.
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