Long-Term Neuropsychological Sequelae in HIV-Seronegative Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis Patients with and without Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts: A Cine MRI Study
Table 3
Neuropsychological rating scores among groups.
Neuropsychological tests
All patients
Patients with shunts
Patients without shunts
Normal
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III
Information
9.06 ± 2.46
9.33 ± 2.00
8.75 ± 3.01
11.18 ± 2.85
2.810
0.101
2.239
0.119
Vocabulary
9.47 ± 3.36#
8.44 ± 3.21
10.62 ± 2.82
12.06 ± 2.79
4.057
0.050
3.131
0.054
Similarity
8.41 ± 3.69#
7.55 ± 3.04
9.37 ± 4.30
11.50 ± 2.03
10.059
0.003
6.153
0.004
Comprehension
8.94 ± 3.83#
8.33 ± 3.50
9.62 ± 4.30
11.96 ± 3.08#
4.946
0.031
2.618
0.085
Arithmetic
9.41 ± 3.14
9.33 ± 2.91
9.50 ± 3.58
10.96 ± 2.49
1.785
0.188
0.875
0.424
Digit span
8.71 ± 3.16#
8.33 ± 3.96
9.12 ± 2.10
12.28 ± 3.64#
7.019
0.011
3.471
0.040
Letter-number sequencing
7.88 ± 4.61
8.11 ± 4.22
7.62 ± 5.23
10.68 ± 3.55
3.156
0.085
1.606
0.216
Picture complete
8.06 ± 2.66#
7.66 ± 2.00
8.50 ± 3.33
10.53 ± 2.89#
6.549
0.014
3.481
0.040
Block design
8.47 ± 3.83#
8.77 ± 3.52
8.12 ± 4.35
11.90 ± 3.10
9.280
0.004
4.772
0.013
Matrix reasoning
8.94 ± 2.97
9.00 ± 2.64
8.87 ± 3.48
10.81 ± 3.51
1.085
0.303
0.594
0.556
Digit symbol coding
8.06 ± 3.58#
7.55 ± 2.50
8.62 ± 4.62
11.53 ± 2.67
9.507
0.004
4.809
0.013
Picture arrangement
8.71 ± 3.31
9.11 ± 3.14
8.25 ± 3.65
10.65 ± 2.96
1.709
0.198
1.262
0.293
Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument
Attention
7.23 ± 1.09
6.77 ± 1.37
7.75 ± 0.46&
7.84 ± 0.44
3.870
0.055
6.475
0.003
Orientation
15.88 ± 3.69#
16.55 ± 3.24
15.12 ± 4.22
17.71 ± 0.77
4.076
0.050
3.413
0.042
Abstract thinking
9.35 ± 2.32#
8.88 ± 2.20
9.87 ± 2.47
10.78 ± 1.26#
4.560
0.038
2.889
0.067
Mental Manipulation
8.41 ± 1.80#
8.44 ± 1.42
8.37 ± 2.26
9.31 ± 1.17#
4.174
0.047
2.042
0.142
Short-term memory
8.48 ± 3.33#
8.85 ± 3.36
8.06 ± 3.47
10.71 ± 1.76
5.49
0.024
3.376
0.043
Long-term memory
9.65 ± 0.79
9.77 ± 0.66
9.50 ± 0.92
9.93 ± 0.35
1.426
0.239
1.606
0.212
Language
9.73 ± 0.50
9.60 ± 0.59
9.87 ± 0.35
9.85 ± 0.54
0.506
0.481
1.308
0.281
Semantic fluency
6.94 ± 2.75#
6.66 ± 3.20
7.25 ± 2.31
8.93 ± 1.47#
5.835
0.020
2.869
0.068
Drawing
9.06 ± 1.60
8.77 ± 1.78
9.37 ± 1.40
9.81 ± 0.592
3.828
0.057
2.606
0.085
Total score
84.74 ± 14.51#
84.34 ± 14.73
85.18 ± 15.24
94.91 ± 4.74#
8.945
0.005
4.377
0.019
and represent comparison between all patients and the controls. and represent comparison among the patients with/without shunts and controls. Significant difference between all patients and the controls. Significant difference between the patients with shunts and controls. Significant difference between the patients without shunts and controls. Significant difference between the patients with and without shunts. Bold-faced values represent significant differences ().
